5.1 Carbon, Monomers, Polymers Flashcards
all life is built on
carbon
carbon atoms are versatile
building blocks
carbon can vary in
length, branching, double bonds, and rings
functional groups are
parts of organic molecules that are involved in chemical reactions
functional groups give distinctive
properties
functional groups make hydrocarbons
hydrophilic
functional groups increase solubility
in water
hydroxyl
OH, found in alcohols, polar
carbonyl
COH, found in aldehydes, polar
carboxyl
CO2H, found in acids, negative charge
amino
NH2, found in bases, positive charge
sulfhydryl
SH, rubber, slightly polar
phosphate
PO4, found in ATP, negative charge
methyl
CH3, non-polar
a monomer is
a small building block
a polymer is
monomers bonded together
macromolecules include
lipids, carbohydrates, protein, nucleic acids
dehydration synthesis
the process by which monomers are joined together to create polymers
hydrolysis/digestion
the process by which polymers are broken back into monomers
Hydrolysis requires
enzymes but releases energy
dehydration synthesis requires
energy and enzymes
