51-55

Question 1

Photosphere

Answer 1

where light can escape into space as the light we see from the sun

Question 2

Plasma

Answer 2

sun is at such a high temp that atoms are ionized in what is called plasma

Question 3

hydrostatic equilibrium

Answer 3

balance between pressure and gravity

Question 4

Ideal Gas Law

Answer 4

Pressure=Tdc

Question 5

Radiative zone

Answer 5

where photons carry energy through

Question 6

convection zone

Answer 6

hot gas rises and cools, then sinks back to this region

Question 7

granulation

Answer 7

bright area where bubbles of hot gas rise

Question 8

sun’s atmosphere

Answer 8

the lower density gasses that lie above the photosphere

Question 9

chromosphere

Answer 9

immediately above photosphere
contains spikes called spicules
red zone during a total eclipse

Question 10

corona

Answer 10

the sun’s outer atmosphere
hotter than photosphere and chromosphere
contains little energy despite temp

Question 11

magnetic fields

Answer 11

exert a force on charged particles making them follow the path of the field

Question 12

coronal holes

Answer 12

larger cooler regions of corona where magnetic field is weak

Question 13

solar wind

Answer 13

flow of gas away from the sun

Question 14

proton-proton chain

Answer 14

(1) p + p yields 1 2H
(2) p + 2H yields 1 3He
(3) 3He + 3He yields 4He

Question 15

cosmic rays

Answer 15

particles constantly showering earth from exploded stars

Question 16

neutrino telescope

Answer 16

neutrino collides with neutron in water breaking neutron into a proton and an electron

Question 17

Fusion of H summary

Answer 17

4 1H yields 1 4He + E + 2v

Question 18

sunspots

Answer 18

indicator of solar activity

large, dark regions ranging in size, come in pairs

Question 19

Zeeman effect

Answer 19

physical process in which the magnetic field causes some of the spectral lines produced by atoms to split into 3 or 2 or more components

Question 20

prominences

Answer 20

huge plumes of glowing gas that jut from the lower chromosphere and into the corona

Question 21

solar flares

Answer 21

brief, bright eruptions of hot gas in the chromosphere

arise when the magnetic field near a sunspot gets twisted by gas motion

Question 22

coronal mass ejection

Answer 22

enormous bubbles of hot gas blasted from corona into space

Question 23

sunspot cycle

Answer 23

sunspot and flare activity changing from year to year

cycle is about 11 years

Question 24

Maunder Minimum

Answer 24

period where very little sunspots are seen causing cold winters

Question 25

parallax

Answer 25

d (in parsecs) = 1/P (in arcseconds)

Question 26

Proper motion

Answer 26

shifting positions of stars

Question 27

transverse velocity

Answer 27

actual speed of star across our line of sight

Question 28

Space velocity

Answer 28

vector addition of a stars radial and transverse velocity

Question 29

aberration of light

Answer 29

shift in the positions of stars

Question 30

brightness

Answer 30

Luminosity/4pi x d^2

Question 31

Photometer

Answer 31

way to measure B