5025 Part 1 Flashcards by Chris Murphy

Escape

Response terminates aversive stimulus

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Experimental analysis of behavior

Use experimentation to examine principles of behavior

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Extinction

reinforcer does not follow response and weakens RS relation

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Fixed interval

Reinforcer is delivered for the first correct response after a passage of time

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Fixed ratio

Reinforcer is delivered after a specific number of responses

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Forward chaining

Teach first step of a task analysis first

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Four term contingency

MO-A-B-C

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Frequency

Count

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Functional relation

One event dependent upon another

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Functional response class

All forms of the response with a similar function

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Generalization

Response occurs in the presence of untrained stimuli

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Imitation

Copy modeled response

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Independent variable

Manipulated

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Inter-observer agreement

Two people independently observe, record and agree on the occurrence of a response

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IRT

Time between two consecutive responses

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Interval recording

Record if response occurs during a period of time

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Intervention

Implement a procedure to change a target behavior

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Latency

Time from onset of stimulus to initiating response

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Limited hold

Window of opportunity for reinforcement after FI or VI

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Modeling

Demonstrate desired behavior

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Momentary time sample

Record the presence or absence of a response at an exact moment in time

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Motivating operations

alter the value of a consequence and changes frequency of behavior

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Negative punishment

rate of responding decreases when stimulus removed after response

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Unconditioned stimulus

Stimulus elicits response without prior learning

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Chaining

Teach steps of a complex behavior

Contingency

If-then relationship

Abolishing operation

temporarily decreases the value of a consequence

Consequence

Stimulus that follows behavior

Abscissa

X axis

Analytic

Evaluate functional relationships

Negative reinforcement

rate of responding increases when stimulus removed after response

Operant behavior

Learned through consequences

Operant conditioning

Consequence immediately follows response and changes RS relation

Ordinate

Y axis

Parsimony

Rule out simple, logical explanations first

Pavlov

Studied respondent conditioning

Permanent product

The physical result of behavior

Philosophical doubt

Question everything

Philosophical assumptions of behavior analysis

Determinism, empiricism, experimentation, replication, parsimony, philosophic doubt

Positive punishment

rate of responding decreases when stimulus presented after response

Positive reinforcement

rate of responding increases when stimulus presented after response

Conditioned stimulus

Neutral stimulus elicits response after pairing with an unconditioned stimulus

Antecedent

Stimulus that precedes behavior

Applied behavior analysis

Use of behavior analysis to solve practical problems

Behavior

Everything an organism does that can be observed and measured

Behaviorism

Natural science approach to studying behavior

Determinism

Lawful

Differential Reinforcement

Reinforcer delivered for one response class but not for others

Discriminative stimulus

Signals reinforcer is available

Duration

total time response occurs

Empiricism

Events are objectively observed, described and measured

Dependent variable

Measured

Avoidance

Response prevents or postpones presence of an aversive stimulus

B.F. Skinner

Intellectual force behind behavior analysis

Backward chaining

Teach last step of a task analysis first

Baseline

independent variable not implemented

Deprivation

Withholding stimulus increases reinforcer effectiveness

Environment

stimuli that affect behavior

Preference assessment

Identify and rank stimuli as effective reinforcers

Premack principle

High probability behavior is contingent on low probability behavior

Primary reinforcer

Stimulus needed to survive

Punishment

Behavioral contingency decreases rate of response

Radical Behaviorism

The study of human behavior including thoughts and feelings

Rate

Ratio = response/time

Ratio strain

Schedule of reinforcement is too thin to maintain behavior

Reflex

unlearned S-R relation

Reinforcement

Behavioral contingency increases rate of response

Reinforcer

Stimulus increases future probability of behavior

Reliability

Repeated measures have same results

Respondent behavior

Innate reflex

Respondent conditioning

Pair neutral stimulus with unconditioned stimulus

Response

An instance of behavior

Response class

A group of similar behaviors

Satiation

Repeatedly presenting stimulus decreases reinforcer effectiveness

Shaping

Series of approximations toward a terminal behavior

Stimulus

Environmental event that can affect behavior

Stimulus class

Stimuli that share common elements

Stimulus control

Antecedent stimulus alters dimensions of behavior

Task analysis

Breaking a complex skill into smaller teachable units

Technological

Procedures are precisely defined

Temporal extent

Behavior occupies time

Temporal locus

Behavior occurs at a point in time

Thinning

Fading the schedule of reinforcement

3 term contingency

A-B-C

Topographical response class

Responses look the same but have a different effect

Topography

shape or form of behavior

Variable interval

Reinforcer delivered for first response after a varying amount of time

Variable ratio

Reinforcer delivered for a varying number of responses

Establishing operation

temporarily increases the value of a consequence

Conditioned reflex

Response elicited by conditioned stimulus