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5023 Flashcards

1
Q

Behavior Theory

A

Behavior is due to an interaction between genetic and environmental experience

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2
Q

The experimental analysis of behavior

A

Using experimentation to break down environment-behavior relations into principles of behavior

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3
Q

Conditioning

A

When an organism learns new ways of behaving in relation to environmental changes

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4
Q

John B. Watson

A

Focused on stimulus-response approach to behavior

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5
Q

Thorndike

A

Originated the Law of Effect, stating that behaviors become stronger and weaker based on consequences

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6
Q

Private Behavior

A

Behavior only accessible to the person doing it

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7
Q

Operant

A

A behavior that operates on the environment to produce an effect

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8
Q

Learning

A

The acquisition, maintenance, and change of an organism’s behavior as a result of lifetime events.

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9
Q

Topography

A

Physical shape or form of the behavior

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10
Q

Single-subject research

A

A single individual is exposed to the independent variable

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11
Q

Phylogenic

A

Behavior relations based on genetics

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12
Q

Fixed action pattern

A

Sequences of behavior phylogenic in origin

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13
Q

Unconditioned response

A

The behavior elicited by unconditioned stimulus

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14
Q

Habituation

A

Unconditioned response gradually declines with repeated presentation of unconditioned stimulus

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15
Q

Ontogenetic

A

Life history that contributes to behavior

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16
Q

Respondent extinction

A

Repeatedly present CS without US

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17
Q

Spontaneous recovery

A

Observation of an increase in the CR after respondent extinction

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18
Q

Respondent generalization

A

CR occurs with untrained stimuli

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19
Q

Delayed conditioning

A

CS is present a few seconds before US occurs

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20
Q

Simultaneous conditioning

A

CS in US presented at same time

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21
Q

Trace conditioning

A

CS presented and removed prior to presentation of US

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22
Q

Backward conditioning

A

US onset and offset occurs before CS Onset

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23
Q

S Delta

A

Antecedent signals reinforcement not available

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24
Q

Free operant method

A

Organism is free to respond or not respond over a period of time

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25
Conditioned reinforcer
Event or stimulus effectiveness due to life history
26
Continuous reinforcement
Reinforcement after each response
27
Resistance to extinction
Operant behavior continues when placed on extinction
28
Intermittent schedule of reinforcement
Only reinforce some responses
29
Interval schedule
Reinforcement delivered based on time since last consequence
30
Schedule of reinforcement
How and when stimuli and consequences will be presented
31
Resurgence
Increase in behavioral variability during extinction
32
Post reinforcement pause
Pause in responding following a consequence
33
Break point
Highest ratio value completed on PR schedule
34
Contingency management
Systematic use of reinforcement to establish desired behavior
35
Fixed Time
Stimulus delivered based on time, response-independent
36
Ratio schedule
Reinforcement delivered based on number of responses
37
Behavior momentum
Behavior persists in presence of a stimulus despite disruption
38
Aversive stimuli
Environmental stimuli or events an organism escapes or avoids
39
Overcorrection
Positive punishment procedure involving practicing a response multiple times
40
Timeout procedure
Contingent removal of access to positive reinforcers after problem behavior
41
Response cost
Negative punishment procedure where reinforcers are removed based on behavior
42
Discriminated avoidance
Avoidance behavior emitted to a warning stimulus
43
Choice
Distribution of operant behavior among alternatives
44
Concurrent schedules of reinforcement
Two or more simultaneous but independent schedules of reinforcement
45
Preference
The alternative chosen more frequently
46
Relative rates of response
Measure of the distribution of behavior between alternatives
47
Relative rates of reinforcement
Measure of the distribution of reinforcement between alternatives
48
Matching law
Relative rates of responses match relative rates of reinforcement
49
Discrimination
A differential response to two or more stimuli
50
Fading
Transfer stimulus control to another value of a stimulus by decreasing presence of controlling stimulus
51
Conditional discrimination
Differential response to stimuli that depends on the stimulus context
52
Response chain
sequence of responses required for reinforcement
53
Multiple schedule
More than one successive schedule, each with a unique discriminative stimulus
54
Behavioral contrast
Changing one component of a schedule results in inverse affect on behavior in unchanged component
55
DRO
Reinforcement for behavior other than target behavior
56
Superstitious behavior
Behavior that is accidentally reinforced
57
Unconditioned reinforcer
Stimulus increases response rates without previous learning
58
Chain schedule of reinforcement
More than one sequential schedule, each with separate discriminative stimuli, ends in a terminal reinforcer
59
Tandem schedule
More than one sequential schedule without discriminative stimuli, ends in terminal reinforcer
60
Mixed schedule reinforcement
More than one schedule of reinforcement presented without separate discriminative stimuli
61
Generalized conditioned reinforcer
Stimulus associated with more than one unconditioned reinforcer
62
Token economy
Conditioned reinforcers are tokens that can be stored and exchanged
63
Delayed imitation
Imitating model occurs after a delay
64
Generalized imitation
A higher order operant emerging from repeated reinforcement of imitative behavior
65
Observational learning
Observed responses and consequences influence observer's behavior
66
Contingency-specifying stimuli
Verbal stimuli describes contingencies and regulates listeners behavior
67
Rule-governed behavior
Behavior under control of contingency-specifying stimuli
68
Contingency shaped behavior
Operant behavior under control of existing contingencies
69
Joint control
Two verbal stimuli exert control over a common verbal topography
70
Spontaneous imitation
Imitative behavior occurring without previous learning
71
Function-altering events
Rules and instructions alter function and strength of other stimuli
72
Verbal behavior
Performance of speaker and environmental conditions that maintain performance
73
Mand
Regulated by motivational conditions
74
Tact
Regulated by nonverbal SD and maintained by generalized reinforcement
75
Echoic
Verbal response exactly corresponds to stimulus
76
Conditioned establishing operation
Establishing operations depend on history of reinforcement
77
Intraverbal
Regulated by verbal Sd's
78
Formal similarity
Verbal stimulus and response are in the same mode and physical resemblance
79
Textual behavior
Regulated by verbal stimuli with correspondence between stimulus and response without formal similarity
80
Stimulus equivalence
Presentation of one stimuli class occasions response to other classes
81
Symmetry
If A=B, then B=A
82
Reflexivity
A=A
83
Transitivity
Train A=B and B=C, respond A=C

SAFMEDs (3 decks)

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