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5023 Flashcards

1
Q

Behavior Theory

A

Behavior is due to an interaction between genetic and environmental experience

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2
Q

The experimental analysis of behavior

A

Using experimentation to break down environment-behavior relations into principles of behavior

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3
Q

Conditioning

A

When an organism learns new ways of behaving in relation to environmental changes

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4
Q

John B. Watson

A

Focused on stimulus-response approach to behavior

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5
Q

Thorndike

A

Originated the Law of Effect, stating that behaviors become stronger and weaker based on consequences

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6
Q

Private Behavior

A

Behavior only accessible to the person doing it

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7
Q

Operant

A

A behavior that operates on the environment to produce an effect

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8
Q

Learning

A

The acquisition, maintenance, and change of an organism’s behavior as a result of lifetime events.

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9
Q

Topography

A

Physical shape or form of the behavior

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10
Q

Single-subject research

A

A single individual is exposed to the independent variable

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11
Q

Phylogenic

A

Behavior relations based on genetics

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12
Q

Fixed action pattern

A

Sequences of behavior phylogenic in origin

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13
Q

Unconditioned response

A

The behavior elicited by unconditioned stimulus

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14
Q

Habituation

A

Unconditioned response gradually declines with repeated presentation of unconditioned stimulus

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15
Q

Ontogenetic

A

Life history that contributes to behavior

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16
Q

Respondent extinction

A

Repeatedly present CS without US

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17
Q

Spontaneous recovery

A

Observation of an increase in the CR after respondent extinction

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18
Q

Respondent generalization

A

CR occurs with untrained stimuli

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19
Q

Delayed conditioning

A

CS is present a few seconds before US occurs

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20
Q

Simultaneous conditioning

A

CS in US presented at same time

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21
Q

Trace conditioning

A

CS presented and removed prior to presentation of US

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22
Q

Backward conditioning

A

US onset and offset occurs before CS Onset

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23
Q

S Delta

A

Antecedent signals reinforcement not available

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24
Q

Free operant method

A

Organism is free to respond or not respond over a period of time

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25
Q

Conditioned reinforcer

A

Event or stimulus effectiveness due to life history

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26
Q

Continuous reinforcement

A

Reinforcement after each response

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27
Q

Resistance to extinction

A

Operant behavior continues when placed on extinction

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28
Q

Intermittent schedule of reinforcement

A

Only reinforce some responses

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29
Q

Interval schedule

A

Reinforcement delivered based on time since last consequence

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30
Q

Schedule of reinforcement

A

How and when stimuli and consequences will be presented

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31
Q

Resurgence

A

Increase in behavioral variability during extinction

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32
Q

Post reinforcement pause

A

Pause in responding following a consequence

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33
Q

Break point

A

Highest ratio value completed on PR schedule

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34
Q

Contingency management

A

Systematic use of reinforcement to establish desired behavior

35
Q

Fixed Time

A

Stimulus delivered based on time, response-independent

36
Q

Ratio schedule

A

Reinforcement delivered based on number of responses

37
Q

Behavior momentum

A

Behavior persists in presence of a stimulus despite disruption

38
Q

Aversive stimuli

A

Environmental stimuli or events an organism escapes or avoids

39
Q

Overcorrection

A

Positive punishment procedure involving practicing a response multiple times

40
Q

Timeout procedure

A

Contingent removal of access to positive reinforcers after problem behavior

41
Q

Response cost

A

Negative punishment procedure where reinforcers are removed based on behavior

42
Q

Discriminated avoidance

A

Avoidance behavior emitted to a warning stimulus

43
Q

Choice

A

Distribution of operant behavior among alternatives

44
Q

Concurrent schedules of reinforcement

A

Two or more simultaneous but independent schedules of reinforcement

45
Q

Preference

A

The alternative chosen more frequently

46
Q

Relative rates of response

A

Measure of the distribution of behavior between alternatives

47
Q

Relative rates of reinforcement

A

Measure of the distribution of reinforcement between alternatives

48
Q

Matching law

A

Relative rates of responses match relative rates of reinforcement

49
Q

Discrimination

A

A differential response to two or more stimuli

50
Q

Fading

A

Transfer stimulus control to another value of a stimulus by decreasing presence of controlling stimulus

51
Q

Conditional discrimination

A

Differential response to stimuli that depends on the stimulus context

52
Q

Response chain

A

sequence of responses required for reinforcement

53
Q

Multiple schedule

A

More than one successive schedule, each with a unique discriminative stimulus

54
Q

Behavioral contrast

A

Changing one component of a schedule results in inverse affect on behavior in unchanged component

55
Q

DRO

A

Reinforcement for behavior other than target behavior

56
Q

Superstitious behavior

A

Behavior that is accidentally reinforced

57
Q

Unconditioned reinforcer

A

Stimulus increases response rates without previous learning

58
Q

Chain schedule of reinforcement

A

More than one sequential schedule, each with separate discriminative stimuli, ends in a terminal reinforcer

59
Q

Tandem schedule

A

More than one sequential schedule without discriminative stimuli, ends in terminal reinforcer

60
Q

Mixed schedule reinforcement

A

More than one schedule of reinforcement presented without separate discriminative stimuli

61
Q

Generalized conditioned reinforcer

A

Stimulus associated with more than one unconditioned reinforcer

62
Q

Token economy

A

Conditioned reinforcers are tokens that can be stored and exchanged

63
Q

Delayed imitation

A

Imitating model occurs after a delay

64
Q

Generalized imitation

A

A higher order operant emerging from repeated reinforcement of imitative behavior

65
Q

Observational learning

A

Observed responses and consequences influence observer’s behavior

66
Q

Contingency-specifying stimuli

A

Verbal stimuli describes contingencies and regulates listeners behavior

67
Q

Rule-governed behavior

A

Behavior under control of contingency-specifying stimuli

68
Q

Contingency shaped behavior

A

Operant behavior under control of existing contingencies

69
Q

Joint control

A

Two verbal stimuli exert control over a common verbal topography

70
Q

Spontaneous imitation

A

Imitative behavior occurring without previous learning

71
Q

Function-altering events

A

Rules and instructions alter function and strength of other stimuli

72
Q

Verbal behavior

A

Performance of speaker and environmental conditions that maintain performance

73
Q

Mand

A

Regulated by motivational conditions

74
Q

Tact

A

Regulated by nonverbal SD and maintained by generalized reinforcement

75
Q

Echoic

A

Verbal response exactly corresponds to stimulus

76
Q

Conditioned establishing operation

A

Establishing operations depend on history of reinforcement

77
Q

Intraverbal

A

Regulated by verbal Sd’s

78
Q

Formal similarity

A

Verbal stimulus and response are in the same mode and physical resemblance

79
Q

Textual behavior

A

Regulated by verbal stimuli with correspondence between stimulus and response without formal similarity

80
Q

Stimulus equivalence

A

Presentation of one stimuli class occasions response to other classes

81
Q

Symmetry

A

If A=B, then B=A

82
Q

Reflexivity

83
Q

Transitivity

A

Train A=B and B=C, respond A=C

SAFMEDs (3 decks)

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