5.02 Seeing

Question 1

property of light determined by the amplitude of the wave—how high or how low the wave actually is

Answer 1

brightness

Question 2

property of light determined by the length of the wave

Answer 2

color or hue

Question 3

long wavelengths are found at the __ end of the spectrum, shorter wavelengths are found at the __ end

Answer 3

red, blue

Question 4

property of light determined by the purity of the color people see

Answer 4

saturation

Question 5

the range of wavelengths that people can see; a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 5

visible spectrum

Question 6

clear membrane that covers the surface of the eye; focuses most light entering the eye

Answer 6

cornea

Question 7

clear, watery fluid that is continually replenished; supplies nourishment to the eye

Answer 7

aqueous humor

Question 8

hole through which light from the visual image enters the interior of the eye

Answer 8

pupil

Question 9

round structure attached to muscles; the colored part of the eye in which the pupil is located; can change the size of the pupil, letting more or less light into the eye

Answer 9

iris

Question 10

finishes the focusing process begun by the cornea

Answer 10

lens

Question 11

the change in the thickness of the lens as the eye focuses on objects that are far away or close

Answer 11

visual accommodation

Question 12

jelly-like fluid that also nourishes the eye and gives it shape

Answer 12

vitreous humor

Question 13

condition when the shape of the eye causes the focal point to fall short of the retina

Answer 13

nearsightedness / myopia

Question 14

condition when the focus point is behind the retina

Answer 14

farsightedeness / hyperopia

Question 15

layer of photoreceptors and other cells; final stop for light in the eye

Answer 15

retina

Question 16

visual sensory receptors found at the back of the retina; responsible for noncolor sensitivity to low levels of light and peripheral vision

Answer 16

rods

Question 17

visual sensory receptors found at the back of the retina; responsible for color vision and sharpness of vision

Answer 17

cones

Question 18

area in the retina where the axons of the three layers of retinal cells exit the eye to form the optic nerve; insensitive to light

Answer 18

blind spot

Question 19

formed by axons of ganglion cells that run to the brain

Answer 19

optic nerve

Question 20

pathway of light information after retina

Answer 20

optic nerve –> thalamus –> visual cortex in occipital lobe

Question 21

point of crossover for visual information between the hemispheres

Answer 21

oticchaism

Question 22

the recovery of the eye’s sensitivity to visual stimuli in darkness after exposure to bright lights

Answer 22

dark adaptation

Question 23

the recovery of the eye’s sensitivity to visual stimuli in light after exposure to darkness

Answer 23

light adaptation

Question 24

two principles of trichromatic theory

Answer 24

three types of cones: red, blue, and green; combination of cones and their firing rate determines the color that is seen

Question 25

images that occur when a visual sensation persists for a brief time even after the original stimulus is removed; not explained by trichromatic theory

Answer 25

afterimages

Question 26

theory of color vision that proposes four primary colors with cones arranged in opposing pairs: red and green, blue and yellow

Answer 26

Opponent-process theory

Question 27

a condition in which a persons eyes either have no cones or have cones that are not working at all

Answer 27

Monochrome colorblindness

Question 28

either the red or the green cones are not working

Answer 28

red-green colorblindness

Question 29

mode of inheritance for red-green colorblindness

Answer 29

sex-linked recessive gene