1.02 History of psychology Flashcards
Greek philosopher, believed in nativism–the idea that some knowledge was innate
Plato
Greek philosopher, believed we are born tabula rasa
Aristotle
“blank slate”
tabula rasa
idea that the mind is totally separate from the body
dualism
French philosopher who believed in mind-body dualism
René Descartes
belief that the mind is formed by our experiences
empiricism
British philosopher who believed in empiricism and the “blank slate”
John Locke
physiologist who measured the speed of nerve transmission using frog legs
Hermann von Helmholtz
naturalist whose theory of evolution by natural selection changed science
Charles Darwin
originator of the Structuralism movement in psychology
Wilhelm Wundt
Wundt’s highly practiced form of self-examination; his way of studying consciousness
introspection
one of Wundt’s greatest accomplishments
he differentiated sensation from perception
goals of Structuralism
take a scientific approach to psychology and identify the structures or building blocks of psychological experiences and behaviors
originator of the Functionalism movement in psychology
William James
goal of Functionalism
understand behavior in terms of its function in our lives and how it aids our survival
Wundt’s student; brought structuralism to America
Edward Titchener
Titchener’s student; first woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology
Margaret Washburn
denied Ph.D. from Harvard because she was a woman;
first female president of the American Psychological Association
Mary Whiton Calkins
originator of the Gestalt psychology movement
Max Wertheimer
basic assumption of Gestalt psychology
sensation and perception are complex processes that cannot be broken down into simpler parts
originator of the psychodynamic approach to psychology
Sigmund Freud
goal of the psychodynamic approach to psychology
treat patients suffering from nervous disorders by probing their childhood memories and unconscious minds to find repressed desires
modern term for when a trained psychologist helps a person gain insight into and change her behavior
psychotherapy
originator of the behaviorist approach to psychology
John Watson
goal of the behaviorist approach to psychology
Bring psychology back to the realm of science by ignoring consciousness and focusing only on observable behaviors that could be measured
Watson’s student, she used counterconditioning or desensitization to reverse the effects of fear conditioning
Mary Cover Jones
he showed that reflexes could be conditioned
Ivan Pavlov
