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Alimentary > 5 - Vomiting And GI Disease > Flashcards

5 - Vomiting And GI Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four components of the emetic reflex

A

Visceral receptors, vagal and sympathetic afferent neurons, chemoreceptor trigger zone, emetic center

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2
Q

What are the 2 pathways trigger the emetic center

A

Humeroal pathway and neural pathway

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3
Q

The humoral pathway via

A

Chemoreceptor trigger zone

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4
Q

Humoral pathway has to do with

A

Blood borne substances

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5
Q

Neural pathway is involved with

A

Inflammation, infection, malignancy, or toxicity of GI tract

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6
Q

How do we get input to the emetic center

A

Chemoreceptor trigger zone, vestibular apparatus, cerebral cortex, abdominal viscera

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7
Q

Chemoreceptor trigger zone drugs`

A

Chemo drugs, bacterial toxins, opioids

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8
Q

Chemoreceptor trigger zone metabolic waste product

A

Uremic. Toxins, ammonia, ketones

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9
Q

Motion sickness come from

A

Vestibular appparatus

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10
Q

Vestibular input path through cat

A

Directly through emetic center

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11
Q

Vestibular input path dog

A

CRTZ

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12
Q

Sight smell and thoughts acts where in emetic reflex

A

Cerebral cortex

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13
Q

Most common when inducing vomiting is where

A

Abdominal viscera

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14
Q

Antiemetic therapy indication

A

Not suffering from obstruction or toxicity and vomiting is severe/ persistent

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15
Q

If an animal is vomiting severely / persistent you are putting animal at risk of what if you use antiemetic therapy

A

Aspiration pneumonia or an electrolyte disturbance

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16
Q

Maropitant is what type of drug

A

Anti nausea

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17
Q

Maropitant prevent vomiting mediated via

A

CRTZ and emetic center

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18
Q

Maropitant also works

A

In abdominal viscera

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19
Q

Best drug for chemo induced vomiting

A

Maropitant

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20
Q

Ondansetron may be better anti nausea medication than

A

Maropitant

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21
Q

Is the oral bioavailability of ondansetron good

A

In people yes and less than 10% in dogs

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22
Q

what are some side effects of ondansetron

A

P-glycoproteins substrate, sedation, fecal incontience

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23
Q

Metoclopramide is more often used for

A

Prokinetic effects

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24
Q

Metoclopramide is not a

A

great antiemetic or anti nausea

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25
Side effect of metoclopramide
Restlessness, spasms, aggression , hyperactivity, sedation, DRUG INTERACTIONS
26
Steps of approach to vomiting patient - 5
1: vomiting, regurgitation, and Dysphagia 2: chronicity 3: frequency 4: severity 5: GI differential
27
What are the 2 ways to differentiate GI
Extra gastrointestinal or primary gastrointestinal
28
Extra GI causes
Hepatic , renal, endocrine, pancreatitis, CNS, motion sickness, pyometra, drugs
29
Acute primary GI
obstructive, nutritional, neoplastic, infectious, iatrogenic, toxic
30
Chronic primary gastrointestinal differentials
Inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, anomalous
31
If patient is mild, acute, uncomplicated cases, how can you approach
Sympotmatically
32
If patient severe, recurrent or chronic cases how do u treat
Diagnostic work up
33
If milf acute how what tetanus
PCV/TS, fecal
34
Therapy for mild acute cases
Easily digestible low residue diet , antiemetic medications maybe
35
Acute vomiting cases should resolve
48 hours
36
Bilious Vomiting Sundrome
Vomiting of bile stained material - morning
37
Bilious vomiting syndrome is often seen in dogs that are fed
Once a day
38
Treatment for bilious vomiting syndrome
2 - 3 small meals, late night snack, acid supresant
39
Acute gastritis underlying cause
Not usually identified
40
Pathophysiology of acute gastritis
Ingestion of substances that disrupt gastric mucosal barrier, decreased mucosal blood flow, ischemia
41
Clinical signs of acute gastritis
Mild and self limiting, sudden onset of vomiting, +/- Hematemesis, melena, anemia
42
How do you DX acute gastritis
History
43
How do you treat acute gastritis with diet
Small frequent feedings with easily digestible diet - low fat and fiber
44
How do you treat acute gastritis if concerns for translocation
Antibiotics
45
How do you treat acute gastritis if Hematemesis
Acid suppressants
46
With acute gastritis confirm no evidence of
Gastric outflow obstruction
47
Example of histamine receptor antagonist
Cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine
48
PPP inhibitor examples
Omperazole, esomperaole
49
PPI are more effective at
Increasing gastric pH
50
Chronic gastritis
Chronic indlammatory changes within gastric mucosa with clinical signs of gastritis
51
Clinical signs of Chronic gastritis
Chronic vomiting, decreased appetite, weight loss, melena, Hematemesis
52
DX chronic gastritis
Rule out extra GI, stomach worms, abdominal imaging , endoscopy, histopathy
53
Treatment for chronic gastritis
Treat underlying cause , cytoptroective agents , diet trials or immunosuppressants
54
Elimination diet trial
Hydrolyzed, novel protein diet
55
Drugs that cause ulcer
NSAID, steroids
56
Endocrine problems that can cause ulcer
Hypoadrenocoritcism
57
Clinical signs of ulcer
Vomitous with partially digested or fresh blood, melena, abdominal pain, anorexia
58
Suspicion of gastric ulcer with
- thickening , loss of mucosa, increase BUN, Hematemesis
59
Treat gastric ulcer
Underlying cause, blood transfusion?, acid suppressants and cytoprotective agents
60
Cytoprotective agents
Sucralafate and Misprostol
61
Sucralfae can inhibit
Absorption of other drugs
62
Sucralfate acts how
Selective binding of proteins at damaged site and forms protective barrier
63
Misprostol
Synthetic analog of prostaglandin E1
64
Misprostol can cause
GI distress
65
Pyloric stenosis
Hypertrophy of the circular muscle fibers in the pylorus
66
Pyloric stenosis is seen in what breed
Brachycephalic dogs
67
C/s of pyloric stenosis
Vomiting, following ingestion of solid food , gastric distention and weight loss
68
How do you DX pyloric stenosis
Endoscopic exam, thickening of pylorus on ultrasound, serum gastrin
69
TX of pyloric Stenosis
Pyloromyotomy or pyloroplasty
70
Most common neoplasia in cats
Lymphoma
71
Most common neoplasia in dog
Adenocarcinoma

Alimentary (16 decks)

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