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Alimentary > 4 - Oropharyngeal & Esophagel Disease > Flashcards

4 - Oropharyngeal & Esophagel Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Oropharyngeal disease is characterized by

A

Dysphagia

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2
Q

Esophageal disease is characterized by

A

Regurgitation

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3
Q

Gagging alone is not a sign of

A

Dysphagia

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4
Q

Oral Dysphagia is

A

Difficulty with bolus formation

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5
Q

Oral Dysphagia mainly consequence of loss

A

Of tongue function

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6
Q

Pharyngeal Dysphagia

A

Impaired initiation of involuntary parade of food through oropharynx

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7
Q

Examples of acquired functional disorder of pharyngeal Dysphagia

A

Neuropathies, myopathies, junctionopathies

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8
Q

What is the more common type of pharyngeal Dysphagia

A

Acquired functional disorder

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9
Q

Esophageal Dysphagia

A

Difficulty passing a bolus through the esophageal body

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10
Q

Gastroesophageal Dysphagia

A

Impaired passage of bolus through the lower esophageal sphincter

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11
Q

Which is there a delayed food ejection timing, oropharyngeal or esophageal Dysphagia

A

Timing of food ejected

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12
Q

How do you diagnose Dysphagia

A

Videofluroscopic swallow study

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13
Q

Achalasia

A

Failure of cricopharyneal muscle to open during swallowing

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14
Q

Asynchrony cricopharyngeal Dysphagia

A

In coordination between pharyngeal contraction and pharyngeal esophageal sphincter relaxation

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15
Q

Signalment for cricopharyngeal Dysphagia

A

Young, toy breeds, mini weenies, golden R

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16
Q

Clinical signs of cricopharyngeal Dysphagia

A

Repeated swelling attempts, coughing, regurgitation immediately after

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17
Q

Diagnose cicropharyngeal Dysphagia

A

Fluoroscopic swallow study

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18
Q

Fluoroscopic swallow study shows what

A

Failure of upper esophageal sphincter to relax normally with reflux of contrast material

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19
Q

Treatment for cricopharyngeal Dysphagia

A

Botulism o in injection, bilateral myectomy

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20
Q

Esophageal body in dogs

A

Striated muscle

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21
Q

Esophageal body in cats

A

Cranial - striated, distal 1/3 smooth muscle

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22
Q

What innervates the esophagus

A

Vagus nerve

23
Q

Prokinetics have no effect on

A

Esophageal striated muscle

24
Q

Esophagus function

A

Transports ingested liquids and solids to stomach

25
Q

Megaesophagus

A

Generalized los of motor function to the esophagus

26
Q

With megaesophagus, food and fluid accumulate where

A

In the esophagus

27
Q

Congenital megaesophagus manifest in

A

Puppies at time of weaning

28
Q

Megaesophagus is most often

A

Primary - idiopathic

29
Q

What is the mots common form of megaesophagus in dogs

A

Acquired Primary

30
Q

Examples of Megaesophagus Aquired Secondary

A

Myasthenia gravis, lead toxicity, addisions disease, hypothyroidism, thymoma

31
Q

How do you diagnose megaesophagus

A

Thoracic radiographs

32
Q

How do you treat megaesophagus

A

Medical management

33
Q

Medical management of megaesophagus

A

Upright feeding, liquid or semi liquid gruel , antibiotic , sildenafil

34
Q

What is contradicted in megaesophagus medical management

A

Prokinetics as they tighten the LES

35
Q

Esophagitis

A

Inflammation of the esophagus

36
Q

Etiology of esophagitis

A

Ingestion of caustic agents, chronic vomiting, foreign bodies, reflux esophagitis

37
Q

Clinical signs of esophagitis

A

Anorexia, ptyalism, regurgitation, odynophagia, right loss

38
Q

Definitive diagnosis of esophagitis

A

Endoscopy + biopsy

39
Q

Esophagitis treatment

A

Remove underlying cause, small frequent feedings, neutralization or inhibition of gastric acid secretion , diffusion barrier drugs

40
Q

Inhibition of gastric acid secretion examples

A

H2 receptor antagonist, proton pump inhibitors

41
Q

Diffusion barrier drugs

42
Q

If you have a concern of gastroesophageal reflux with esophagitis, what should you consider

A

Prokinetics to increase tone of lower esophageal sphincter

43
Q

Possible complications for esophagitis

A

Esophageal strictures

44
Q

Intraluminal esophageal obstruction

A

Foreign bodies

45
Q

Intramural esophageal obstruction

A

Esophageal stricture, neoplasia

46
Q

Periesophageal esophageal obstruction

A

Space occupying mass, persistent right Aortic arch

47
Q

Common entrapment sites of esophageal foreign bodies

A

Thoracic inlet, heart base, diaphragmatic hiatus

48
Q

Potiental complications with foreign body

A

Perforation , aspiration pneumonia, stricture formation , segmental hypomotility

49
Q

Causes of esophageal structures

A

Severe esophagitis, esophageal foreign bodies, reflux esophagitis, meds

50
Q

Esophageal strictures are typically within

A

1 - 3weeks of esophageal damage

51
Q

How can you diagnose esophageal strictures

A

Positive contrast radiography and endoscopic visuazlition

52
Q

How can you treat esophageal strictures

A

Balloon dilation or medical management

53
Q

How do you diagnose persistent right aortic arch

A

Thoracic radio graphs, CT

54
Q

How can you treat persisten right aortic arch

A

Surgical resection of ligamentum arteriosus

Alimentary (14 decks)

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