5 - Training

Question 1

What is training?

Answer 1

An organisation’s planned efforts to help employees acquire job-related knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviours, with the goal of applying these on the job.
Training can benefit the organization when it is linked to organisational needs and motivates employees.

Question 2

Why is training related to organisational needs?

Answer 2

Nature of today’s business environment makes training important. Rapid change requires that employees continually learn new skills. Growing reliance on teamwork creates a demand for the ability to solve problems in teams, an ability that often requires formal training.

Question 3

What is instructional design?

Answer 3

Process of systematically developing training to meet specified needs.
An effective training program is designed to teach skills and behaviours that will help the organization achieve its goals.
HR professionals approach training through instructional design.

Question 4

What is the learning management systems (LMS)?

Answer 4

A computer application that automates the administration, development, and delivery of training programs.

Question 5

What is LMS used for?

Answer 5

LMS is used to carry out instructional design process more efficiently and effectively.

Question 6

What can LMS be linked to?

Answer 6

LMS can be linked to the organization’s performance management system to plan for and manage:
- Training needs
- Training outcomes
- Associated rewards

Question 7

What are needs assessment?

Answer 7

Process of evaluating the organization, individual employees, and
employees’ tasks to determine what kinds of training, if any, are necessary.

Question 8

What are the three questions that needs assessment answer?

Answer 8

1. Organization: What is the context in which training will occur?
2. Person: who needs training?
3. Task: What subjects should training cover?

Question 9

Organization analysis looks at training needs in the light of what?

Answer 9

The organisation’s strategy, resources available for training, management’s support for training activities.

Question 10

What subjects should training cover?

Answer 10

• Job’s equipment and environment
• Time constraints
• Safety considerations
• Performance standards

Question 11

What is readiness for training?

Answer 11

A combination of employee characteristics and positive work environment that permit training.

Question 12

What are the necessary employee characteristics?

Answer 12

• Ability to learn subject matter
• Favorable attitudes toward training
• Motivation to learn

Question 13

What does planning begin with?

Answer 13

Planning begins with establishing objectives for the training program.

Question 14

Based on the objectives for the training program, what does the planner decide?

Answer 14

• Who will provide the training
• What topics the training will cover
• What training methods to use
• How to evaluate the training

Question 15

The characteristics of effective training objectives include statements of what?

Answer 15

1. Expectations
2. Quality or level of acceptable performance
3. Conditions under which the employee is to apply what he or she learned.
4. Measurable performance standards.
5. Resources needed to carry out desired performance or outcome.

Question 16

What are the categories of training methods?

Answer 16

Presentation methods, hands-on methods, group-building methods.

Question 17

What are presentation methods?

Answer 17

Trainees receive information provided by others.

Question 18

What are hands-on methods?

Answer 18

Trainees are actively involved in trying out skills.

Question 19

What are group-building methods?

Answer 19

Trainees share ideas and experiences, build group identities, learn about interpersonal relationships and the group.

Question 20

What is E-learning?

Answer 20

Involves receiving training via internet or intranet. E-learning uses electronic networks for delivering and sharing information, offers tools, links and information for helping trainees improve performance.

Question 21

What are electronic performance support systems (EPSS)?

Answer 21

Provide access to skills training, information, and expert advice when a problem occurs on the job. As employees need to learn new skills, they can use EPSS to access needed information and detailed instructions.

Question 22

What are simulations?

Answer 22

Training method that represents a real-life situation, with trainees making decisions resulting in outcomes that mirror what would occur on the job. Uses avatars and virtual reality.

Question 23

What are the characteristics of on-the-job training (OJT)?

Answer 23

Issue a policy statement describing purpose of OJT emphasizing organization’s support for it.
Specify who is accountable for conducting OJT and should review OJT practices at similar companies.
Train managers and peers in OJT principles.
Provide employees access to lessons plans, checklists, procedure manuals, training manuals, learning contracts, and progress report forms.
Assess employee’s level of basic skills, before conducting OJT with an employee.

Question 24

What are case studies?

Answer 24

Detailed descriptions of a situation that trainees study and discuss.

Question 25

What are business games?

Answer 25

Require trainees to gather and analyze information and make
decisions that influence the outcome.

Question 26

What are experiential programs?

Answer 26

Participants learn concepts and apply them by simulating behaviors involved and analyzing the activity and connecting it with real-life situations.

Question 27

What is adventure learning?

Answer 27

A teamwork and leadership training program based on use of challenging, structured outdoor activities.

Question 28

What are communities of practise?

Answer 28

Groups of employees work together, learn from each other, and develop a common understanding of how to get work accomplished. It also may assign experienced employees to act as mentors who provide advice and support to trainees.

Question 29

What is one for he most important features of organisations nowadays?

Answer 29

Teamwork. Training programs might include team-building exercises like wall climbing and rafting to help build trust and cooperation among employees.

Question 30

What are the principles of learning?

Answer 30

Employees are most likely to learn when training is linked to their current job experiences and
tasks.
Employees need a chance to demonstrate and practice what they have learned. Trainees need to understand whether or not they are succeeding. Well-designed training helps people remember content.
Written materials should have an appropriate reading level.

Question 31

What are ways that training helps employees learn?

Answer 31

Communicate the learning objective; use distinctive, attention-getting messages; limit the content of training; guide trainees as they learn; elaborate on the subject; provide memory cues; transfer course content to the workplace; provide feedback bout performance.

Question 32

what are the measures of training success?

Answer 32

Trainee satisfaction, transfer of training, new skills and knowledge, performance improvements, return on investment.

Question 33

What is transfer of training?

Answer 33

On-the-job use of knowledge, skills, and behaviors learned in training.

Question 34

Transfer of training can be measured by asking employees three questions about specific training tasks. What are these question?

Answer 34

1. Do you perform the task?
2. How many times do you perform the task?
3. To what extent do you perform difficult and challenging learned tasks?

Question 35

What are training outcomes?

Answer 35

Information, such as facts, techniques, and procedures that trainees can recall after training. Skills that trainees can demonstrate in tests or on the jobs.

Question 36

What are the two examples of applications of training?

Answer 36

Orientation of new employees and diversity trainings.

Question 37

What is orientation of new employees?

Answer 37

Training designed to prepare employees to perform their jobs effectively, learn about their organization, establish work relationships.

Question 38

What is the objective of orientation of new employees?

Answer 38

The objective is to familiarise new employees with the organisation’s rules, policies, and procedures.

Question 39

What are the characteristics of diversity trainings?

Answer 39

Training should be tied to business objectives; top management involvement and support, and involvement of managers at all levels are important.

Question 40

How should the program of diversity trainings be?

Answer 40

• Emphasize learning behavior and skills, not blaming employees
• Be well structured
• Deliver rewards for performance
• Measure the success of the training

Question 41

What is the evaluation criteria of effectiveness of trainings in organisations?

Answer 41

Reaction, learning, behavioural, result.

Question 42

What are the skill or task characteristics?

Answer 42

Cognitive, interpersonal, psychomotor.