5 - Training Flashcards
What is training?
An organisation’s planned efforts to help employees acquire job-related knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviours, with the goal of applying these on the job.
Training can benefit the organization when it is linked to organisational needs and motivates employees.
Why is training related to organisational needs?
Nature of today’s business environment makes training important. Rapid change requires that employees continually learn new skills. Growing reliance on teamwork creates a demand for the ability to solve problems in teams, an ability that often requires formal training.
What is instructional design?
Process of systematically developing training to meet specified needs.
An effective training program is designed to teach skills and behaviours that will help the organization achieve its goals.
HR professionals approach training through instructional design.
What is the learning management systems (LMS)?
A computer application that automates the administration, development, and delivery of training programs.
What is LMS used for?
LMS is used to carry out instructional design process more efficiently and effectively.
What can LMS be linked to?
LMS can be linked to the organization’s performance management system to plan for and manage:
- Training needs
- Training outcomes
- Associated rewards
What are needs assessment?
Process of evaluating the organization, individual employees, and
employees’ tasks to determine what kinds of training, if any, are necessary.
What are the three questions that needs assessment answer?
- Organization: What is the context in which training will occur?
- Person: who needs training?
- Task: What subjects should training cover?
Organization analysis looks at training needs in the light of what?
The organisation’s strategy, resources available for training, management’s support for training activities.
What subjects should training cover?
- Job’s equipment and environment
- Time constraints
- Safety considerations
- Performance standards
What is readiness for training?
A combination of employee characteristics and positive work environment that permit training.
What are the necessary employee characteristics?
- Ability to learn subject matter
- Favorable attitudes toward training
- Motivation to learn
What does planning begin with?
Planning begins with establishing objectives for the training program.
Based on the objectives for the training program, what does the planner decide?
- Who will provide the training
- What topics the training will cover
- What training methods to use
- How to evaluate the training
The characteristics of effective training objectives include statements of what?
- Expectations
- Quality or level of acceptable performance
- Conditions under which the employee is to apply what he or she learned.
- Measurable performance standards.
- Resources needed to carry out desired performance or outcome.
What are the categories of training methods?
Presentation methods, hands-on methods, group-building methods.
What are presentation methods?
Trainees receive information provided by others.
What are hands-on methods?
Trainees are actively involved in trying out skills.
What are group-building methods?
Trainees share ideas and experiences, build group identities, learn about interpersonal relationships and the group.
What is E-learning?
Involves receiving training via internet or intranet. E-learning uses electronic networks for delivering and sharing information, offers tools, links and information for helping trainees improve performance.
What are electronic performance support systems (EPSS)?
Provide access to skills training, information, and expert advice when a problem occurs on the job. As employees need to learn new skills, they can use EPSS to access needed information and detailed instructions.
What are simulations?
Training method that represents a real-life situation, with trainees making decisions resulting in outcomes that mirror what would occur on the job. Uses avatars and virtual reality.
What are the characteristics of on-the-job training (OJT)?
Issue a policy statement describing purpose of OJT emphasizing organization’s support for it.
Specify who is accountable for conducting OJT and should review OJT practices at similar companies.
Train managers and peers in OJT principles.
Provide employees access to lessons plans, checklists, procedure manuals, training manuals, learning contracts, and progress report forms.
Assess employee’s level of basic skills, before conducting OJT with an employee.
What are case studies?
Detailed descriptions of a situation that trainees study and discuss.
What are business games?
Require trainees to gather and analyze information and make
decisions that influence the outcome.
What are experiential programs?
Participants learn concepts and apply them by simulating behaviors involved and analyzing the activity and connecting it with real-life situations.
What is adventure learning?
A teamwork and leadership training program based on use of challenging, structured outdoor activities.
What are communities of practise?
Groups of employees work together, learn from each other, and develop a common understanding of how to get work accomplished. It also may assign experienced employees to act as mentors who provide advice and support to trainees.
What is one for he most important features of organisations nowadays?
Teamwork. Training programs might include team-building exercises like wall climbing and rafting to help build trust and cooperation among employees.
What are the principles of learning?
Employees are most likely to learn when training is linked to their current job experiences and
tasks.
Employees need a chance to demonstrate and practice what they have learned. Trainees need to understand whether or not they are succeeding. Well-designed training helps people remember content.
Written materials should have an appropriate reading level.
What are ways that training helps employees learn?
Communicate the learning objective; use distinctive, attention-getting messages; limit the content of training; guide trainees as they learn; elaborate on the subject; provide memory cues; transfer course content to the workplace; provide feedback bout performance.
what are the measures of training success?
Trainee satisfaction, transfer of training, new skills and knowledge, performance improvements, return on investment.
What is transfer of training?
On-the-job use of knowledge, skills, and behaviors learned in training.
Transfer of training can be measured by asking employees three questions about specific training tasks. What are these question?
- Do you perform the task?
- How many times do you perform the task?
- To what extent do you perform difficult and challenging learned tasks?
What are training outcomes?
Information, such as facts, techniques, and procedures that trainees can recall after training. Skills that trainees can demonstrate in tests or on the jobs.
What are the two examples of applications of training?
Orientation of new employees and diversity trainings.
What is orientation of new employees?
Training designed to prepare employees to perform their jobs effectively, learn about their organization, establish work relationships.
What is the objective of orientation of new employees?
The objective is to familiarise new employees with the organisation’s rules, policies, and procedures.
What are the characteristics of diversity trainings?
Training should be tied to business objectives; top management involvement and support, and involvement of managers at all levels are important.
How should the program of diversity trainings be?
- Emphasize learning behavior and skills, not blaming employees
- Be well structured
- Deliver rewards for performance
- Measure the success of the training
What is the evaluation criteria of effectiveness of trainings in organisations?
Reaction, learning, behavioural, result.
What are the skill or task characteristics?
Cognitive, interpersonal, psychomotor.
