5 Topography & Vasculature

Question 1

In the retina, 1st order neurons are ______

2nd order ________

3rd order _______

Answer 1

Photoreceptors

Bipolar cells

Retinal ganglion cells

Question 2

When light passes through the layers of the retina to be converted into neural signal, what order neurons come into contact with the light first?

Answer 2

3rd order neurons

Retinal Ganglion Cells

Question 3

After light passes through the retina.. what order does it go in to send signals to the brain?

Answer 3

1st order neurons (photoreceptors)

2nd order
(Bipolar cells)

3rd order
(Retinal ganglion cells)

Question 4

For cones, what cones are around 420nm, 531nm, and 588nm?

Where are they found?

Answer 4

S-cones (blue cones) SHORT wl

M-cones (green cones) MEDIUM

L-cones (red cones) LONG

ONLY IN FOVEA

Question 5

Approximately how many S cones are there in the center of the fovea?

Answer 5

NONE. Literally none, don’t even bother to look

Question 6

Rods all have _______ while cones have _______ photopigments

Answer 6

Rhodopsin

Conopsin

Question 7

What’s the outermost layer of the retina? 10th layer

Answer 7

Retinal pigment epithelium

RPE

Question 8

List the outer retinal layers

Answer 8

Photoreceptor layer

External limiting membrane

Outer nuclear layer

Outer plexiform layer

Question 9

The role of a ____ is to absorb light photons and convert them into an electrochemical event (nerve signal)

Answer 9

Photoreceptor

Question 10

There are 5-6 _____ cones with (10% total in fovea)

Contain photopigments called ____

Answer 10

Million

Conopsins

Question 11

Retinal thickness ranges from 80um to ____um

_____ is 150-200um

At the equator of the ______ it’s 120-180um

_____ is 80um

Answer 11

320um

Fovea

Retina

Ora serrata

Question 12

In the _____ Retina there’s a dense population of ROD photoreceptors. Designed for night vision and motion detection

Answer 12

Peripheral

Question 13

In the ____ Retina there’s a dense population of CONE photoreceptors. Designed for color vision and fine detail discrimination

Answer 13

Central!

Central=Cones

C=C

Question 14

What eye structure is 3.5mm from temporal margin of optic disc, 1mm inferior to center of optic disc, and the only layer of the retina to contain more than 1 layer of retinal ganglion cells?

Answer 14

MACULA

Question 15

The central depression in the macula that’s 1.5mm in diameter is the _____

Only has _____ photoreceptors!!

Answer 15

Fovea

CONE

Question 16

What’s the central 350um of the fovea that has cones packed so dense that they appear as rods?

Thinnest region of the _____ pole 150-200um

Answer 16

Foveola

Posterior

Question 17

Cone fibers that are oriented obliquely within the fovea are called _______ fibers.

Answer 17

Henle

Question 18

Annular rings:

Which has the highest accumulation of bipolar and retinal ganglion cells, extends 05.mm from the foveal rim, and is where rods reach their peak densisty?

Which surrounds the other ring and has Henle’s fiber layer in vertical orientation? Begins where RGC layer is reduced to 4 nuclei rows

Answer 18

Parafovea

Perifovea. (Per=OUTSIDE of the para fovea (which is outside of fovea))

Question 19

Where does the peripheral retina terminate?

Answer 19

Ora serrata

Question 20

Where does:

Peripheral termination of retina occur

Neural retina becomes NPCE

RPE turns into pigmented ciliary epithelium

(All from one thing)

Answer 20

Ora serrata

Question 21

Retinal vasculature:

Outer retina is supplied by _____

Inner retina is supplied by ______

Answer 21

Choroid

Retinal vessels

Question 22

Only 10-20% of the population has a ______ artery. It supplies the macula

Answer 22

Cilioretinal

Question 23

Where does the central retinal artery enter the eye?

It’s positioned slightly ____ in the nerve and _____ to central retinal vein

Answer 23

Enters eye through lamina cribrosa of Optic disc!

Nasal; nasal

Question 24

What does the central retina artery lose upon entering the eye which makes it distinguishable from muscular arteries found elsewhere in the body?

What replaces this?

Answer 24

Tunica elasticum

Tunica media

Question 25

What’s the outermost layer of blood vessels and is thicker in veins? Ensures that autoregulation takes place

Answer 25

Tunic adventia