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Roman History > 5. Religion > Flashcards

5. Religion Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Pagan mean?

A

Any non-Christian or Islamic belief, it is a derogatory term. Means ‘country dweller’

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2
Q

Is Paganism a single religion?

A

No, it refers to all pre-Christian beliefs.

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3
Q

What does Polytheist mean?

A

A belief in multiple gods at once.

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4
Q

What does Monotheistic mean?

A

A belief in one single deity

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5
Q

Another term for Pagan?

A

Traditional believer

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6
Q

What does the term ‘credere’ mean?

A

To believe. (The source of the term ‘creed’ which tends to underline the meanings of beliefs.)

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7
Q

What was the general belief of the Roman empire?

A

Roman religion or Roman pagan.

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8
Q

What did the Romans believe?

A

They believed in the existence of multiple divine beings that were invisible to mortals (generally).

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9
Q

What does the alpine term ‘religo’ relate to?

A

the relationship between the divine and humanity. Explains the divine, the fear of the divine ect..

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10
Q

What is odd about the Roman religion?

A

They had no written law or code, only Mos Maiorum.

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11
Q

Which religion was the Romans closest to?

A

Greek

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12
Q

What is the issue with our sources?

A

They have heavy Etruscan and Greek influences and have gone through a Chinese whisper effect.

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13
Q

What does Georges Dumezil argue?

A

There are 3 basic principles reflected in greek and roman deities; War, Law and Production.

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14
Q

Who make up the Roman Capitoline Triad?

A

Jupiter, Juno and Minerva

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15
Q

Who from the Flamen, replaced the Capitoline Triad?

A

Jupiter, Mars and Quirinus

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16
Q

What was different in the Roman religion to the Greek religion?

A

They deified personifications of concepts, such as Fortuna

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17
Q

What was the most popular religious practise?

A

Group worship

18
Q

What was the most vital part of religious rituals?

A

Sacrifice

19
Q

Why was sacrifice important?

A

To attain favour with the gods - it was contractual.

20
Q

What animals got sacrificed?

A

The best or prized animals, such as oxen as they were the most expensive.

21
Q

What did they do with the entrails of the sacrificed animals?

A

Reviewed for omens and messages from the gods.

22
Q

What did the Pontifices oversee?

A

7 Vestal Virgins, 12o flamines minores; & the septemviri

23
Q

What priestly college observed and interpret divine signs?

A

Augure

24
Q

What priestly college was tasked with interpreting the Sibylline books?

A

Quindecimviri sacris faciundis

25
Q

What priestly college oversaw the feast of Jupiter, ritual meals and imperial festivals?

A

Septemviri epulonum

26
Q

When were Septemviri epulonum established?

A

196 BC

27
Q

What did the fetial priests oversee?

A

War

28
Q

Who were the main priests?

A

Flamines or Flamen

29
Q

Who was a Flamen Dialis in the 1st century BC?

A

Julius Caesar

30
Q

What did Cicero say about political priests?

A

everyone who held a position of political power in the government, were also priests of the highest order

31
Q

What were the Vestal virgins?

A

priestesses to the goddess of the hearth and home, Vesta. The most important priests in Rome.

32
Q

How were the Vestal Virgins Recruited?

A

By the ritual of ‘kidnapping’ between the ages of 6 and 10, chosen from a lottery. However traditionally they were from wealthy families.

33
Q

How long would the Vestal Virgins serve?

A

At least 30 years

34
Q

Where did the Vestal Virgins origin from?

A

From the wives of the old Roman kings

35
Q

What were the roles of the Vestal Virgins?

A

The preparation of Mola Salsa.
Ritual cleaning of the Temple.
Tending the hearth of Rome

36
Q

How was an unchaste Vestal found?

A

Natural disasters and abnormal events.

37
Q

How was an unchaste Vestal punished?

A

Death - buried alive in a ‘civilised’ manner.

38
Q

Who wrote of the unchaste Vestals?

A

Plutarch and Livy.

39
Q

Which months did war festivals take place?

A

March and October

40
Q

When did the agriculture festivals take place?

A

April and Spring

41
Q

How’d they celebrate the war festivals?

A

Salii danced through the streets wearing archaic armor

42
Q

What is Pomerium?

A

The sacred boundary of Rome

Roman History (9 decks)

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