5: prevalence and prevention at population level Flashcards
what is epidemiology?
the study of the distribution and determinant of diseases in populations
what is distribution?
burden
what are determinants?
cause or risk factor
what is a population?
groups of individuals in a geographic area/community/community of interest
what is a count?
no. of people affected by a particular condition (particular time/area)
what is prevalence?
the proportion of population with a disease at any given point or period
what is incidence?
the number of new cases of a disease in a defines population over a period
what is standardised data?
takes into account population age-structure
what is ICDAS?
international caries detection and assessment system
restorative status and caries status scores
what is the significant caries index?
takes into account skewed distribution of caries in population
describe very early stage decay
either:
-sub-clinical initial lesions in a dynamic state or progression/regression
or
-small lesions detectable only with additional diagnostic aids
describe initial decay
clinically detectable enamel lesions with intact surfaces
describe moderate decay
clinically detectable cavities limited to enamel
describe extensive decay
either
-clinically detectable lesions in dentine
or
-lesions into the pulp
what are the 3 strategies for preventing caries in populations?
high risk individual approach -clinical risk assessment targeted population approach -targeting on areas of deprivation/communities whole population approach -NHS
