1 risk assessment

Question 1

what factors are necessary for caries?

Answer 1

tooth
plaque
substrate

Question 2

what factors contribute to the tooth health?

Answer 2

age
fluoride
morphology
nutrition
trace elements
carbonate level

Question 3

what factors contribute to substrate?

Answer 3

oral clearance 
oral hygiene
salivary stimulus
frequency of eating
carbohydrate

Question 4

what factors contribute to plaque (flora)?

Answer 4

oral hygiene

Question 5

what is a caries risk assessment?

Answer 5

the risk of the patient developing new/progressive disease in future

Question 6

what are general caries risk factors?

Answer 6

social

general health

Question 7

what are local caries risk factors?

Answer 7

oral hygiene
diet
fluoride experience
past caries experience
orthodontic tx

Question 8

what is a caries risk assessment used for?

Answer 8

basis of case management and tx planning in short/long term

Question 9

what are the 7 elements of caries risk?

Answer 9

clinical evidence 
dietary habits 
social history
fluoride use 
plaque control
saliva
medical history

Question 10

what clinical evidence contributes to caries risk?

Answer 10

caries experience
orthodontics
prosthetics

Question 11

what kind of caries experience contribute to caries experience?

Answer 11

dmft ≥ 5
DMFT ≥ 5
caries in 6’s at 6 years
3 year caries increment ≥ 3

Question 12

what aspects of diet contribute to caries risk?

Answer 12

≥ 3 sugar intakes per day
high frequency of sugar
highly processed/refines carbs
natural sugars can cause harm

Question 13

what are the 8 social history factors?

Answer 13

SIMD category
education
unemployment
work stressors
single parent families
violence
inequalities and access to healthcare
dependents

Question 14

how does F- contribute to caries risk?

Answer 14

infrequent use of F- toothpaste

no F- in water supply

Question 15

what does fluorine do in teeth?

Answer 15

incorporation into enamel crystal to form fluroapatite which is more caries resistant than hydroxyapatite
bacteriocidal
interferes with adhesion force of bacteria reducing ability to stick to surface of teeth

Question 16

how does O.H contribute to caries development?

Answer 16

poor technique
irregular brushing
unassisted- can't brush well
access to toothbrush/paste
difficulty due to changes eg ortho

Question 17

what is the role of saliva in caries development?

Answer 17

amount
flow
buffering capacity
pH
viscosity

Question 18

what is the role of medication in caries development?

Answer 18

medication-induced xerostomia
mucosistitis
free sugars to taste
lactulose
frequency of sugar containing medicine
recreational drug use
social convention of giving sweets to ill kids

Question 19

describe the caries experience of a high risk child

Answer 19

dmft/DMFT ≥ 5
≥ 10 initial lesions in primary dentition at first attendance
caries in 6’s at 6 years
3 year caries increment ≥3

Question 20

what social/behavioural factors increase risk of caries? (in children)

Answer 20

mothers caries rate
prolonged nursing habits
bottle at bedtime
cariogenic snacks
no toothbrushing
little fluoride exposure

Question 21

what are the 8 elements of preventive programme?

Answer 21

radiographs 
toothbrushing instruction
strength of F- in toothpaste
F- varnish
F- supplementation
diet advice 
fissure sealants 
sugar free medicine

Question 22

describe a typical high caries adult

Answer 22

low level education
only attend when problem arises
social difficulties
sweet tooth w/ poor O.H 
sugar containing meds
saliva affecting meds
root caires
secondary caries