5. Pharynx, Soft Palate, Salivary Glands

Question 0

The _____ is the elevation formed by the base of the cartilaginous portion of the Eustachian tube

Answer 0

Torus tubarius

Question 1

The lateral wall of the nasopharyngeal contain the openings of the

Answer 1

Pharyngotympanic (Eustachian) tubes

Question 2

The _____ is a mucous membrane fold that runs posterorinferiorly from the lower part of the torus tubarius. It contains _______

Answer 2

Salpingopharyngeal fold

Salpingopharyngeal muscle

Question 3

The _____ is a depression located behind the torus which usually contains a small amount of lymphoid tissue

Answer 3

Pharyngeal recess

Question 4

The _____ (called _____ when enlarged) are accumulations of lymph tissue that are located in the mucous membrane of the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx. They are located posterosuperiorly to the Eustachian tube and can block it when inflamed

Answer 4

Pharyngeal tonsils

Adenoids

Question 5

Mucous membrane folds that constitute the anterior and posterior pillars of the fauces ( region of the mouth bounded by the soft palate and the base of the tongue

Answer 5

Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches (the palatine arches)
Contain self-titled muscles

Question 6

The palatine arches define the boundaries of the…

Answer 6

Tonsil at beds

Question 7

The tonsilar bed is clinically significant because these run deep to its mucosa and can be damaged during tonsillectomy

Answer 7

Ascending pharyngeal and facial arteries
External palatine vein
Glossopharyngeal nerve on lateral wall (sensory and special sensory (taste) to back of tongue)

Question 8

Accumulation of lymphoid tissue that sit in tonsilar beds (concavities between palatoglossus and palatopharyngeal muscles bilaterally)

Answer 8

Palatine tonsils

Question 9

Where do you swab for strep?

Answer 9

Palatine tonsils

Question 10

The ______ is located posterior to the lyrangeal cartilages and anterior to the C3-C6 vertebral bodies. It communicates with the larynx through the _____ on its anterior wall

Answer 10

Laryngopharynx

Lyrangeal inlet

Question 11

Mucosa-lined depressions on either side of the lyrangeal inlet, formed by invaginations of the larynx into the anterior wall of the laryngopharynx

Answer 11

Piriform recess

Question 12

If a foreign body gets lodged in the piriform recess, it can damage what nerves?

Answer 12

Internal and recurrent/inferior lyrangeal nerves

Question 13

The outer wall of the pharynx is made up of what 3 paired muscles? Their circumferentially oriented fibers fuse in the midline at the ______.

Answer 13

Superior, middle, and inferior constrictors

Median pharyngeal raphe

Question 14

The inner layer of the pharynx has 3 _______ oriented muscles, called:

Answer 14

Longitudinally
Stylopharyngeus, salpingophayrngeus,
Palatopharyngeus

Question 15

The soft palate is composed of what 5 paired muscles? These all insert into the medically positioned ______ which forms the substance of the soft palate.

Answer 15

Levator believe palatini
Tensor veli palatini
Palatoglossus 
Palatopharyngeus
Musculus uvulae 
Insert into the palatine aponeurosis

Question 17

Describe the motor innervation in the pharyngeal plexus

Answer 17

CN X supplies all pharyngeal and soft palate muscles EXCEPT:
CN IX: stylopharyngeus
CN V3: tensor veli palatini

Question 18

What nerve provides sensory to the pharynx?

Answer 18

Glossopharyngeal (IX): general sensory to the mucosa, posterior 1/3 of the tongue. Special sensory to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Question 19

What carries sensory afferents from the mucosa of the tympanic cavity, Eustachian tube, and mastoid air cells?

Answer 19

The tympanic branch of CN IX (glossopharyngeal) aka the tympanic plexus

Question 20

The ____ is a continuation of the tympanic plexus that carries preganglionic parasympathetics that synapse in the otic ganglion and then provide secretomotor to the parotid gland

Answer 20

Lesser petrosal nerve

Question 21

The act of swallowing

Answer 21

Deglutition

Question 22

What are the stages of deglutition? State whether they are voluntary or involuntary

Answer 22

1. Oral preparatory/transfer phase (voluntary)
2. Pharyngeal phase (<1 sec) (involuntary: swallow/pharyngeal reflex)
3. Esophageal phase (involuntary)

Question 23

Name the 3 salivary glands and the way by which they receive their parasympathetic input (nerve and ganglion)

Answer 23

Parotid: lesser petrosal nerve, otic ganglion

Submandibular and sublingual: chorda tympani and the submandibular ganglion

Question 24

What cranial nerves are involved in mastication?

Answer 24

Mandibular division of trigem (V3)
Facial nerve (VII)

Question 25

What is the role of CN X in Deglutition?

Answer 25

Superior laryngeal: sensory to the false vocal cords, piriform recess, epiglottis
Inferior/recurrent laryngeal: sensation below the false folds, motor to all larynx muscles, most of pharynx, soft palate

Question 26

Is it possible to injur just glossopharyngeal (IX)?

Answer 26

Not really. Usually combined vagal/glossopharyngeal insult

Question 27

What does hypoglossal (XII) do for deglutition?

Answer 27

Oral bolus manipulation

Question 28

Adenoids can cause what secondary problems?

Answer 28

Inability to breathe through mouth, blocked Eustachian: impaired hearing/middle ear infection

Question 29

Abnormal development of nasal and oral cavities due to tongue protrusion as a result of adenoids

Answer 29

Adenoid facies

Question 30

What should a surgeon be concerned about hitting when performing a tonsillectomy?

Answer 30

CN IX, blood vessels just deep to the palatine tonsils

Question 31

Difficulty swallowing is called

Answer 31

Dysphagia

Question 32

What can cause salivary gland dysfunction?

Answer 32

Autoimmune conditions

Radiation therapy