1. Abd. Wall & Peritoneal Cavity

Question 1

Name the 4 layers of the abdominal wall, form superficial to deep

Answer 1

Skin, Superficial fascia, deep fascia/epimysium, muscles, fascia transversalis, extraperitoneal fat, peritoneum

Question 2

Name the two subdivisions withing the superficial fascia and what feature lies between them

Answer 2

Camper’s fatty layer (superficial)
Scarpa’s membranous layer (deep)
Between them: neurovascular bundle

Question 3

Name the muscles of the anterolateral abdomen

Answer 3

Lateral: external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominus
Medial/Anterior: rectus abdominis & pyramidalis

Question 4

Rectus Abdominus.

Name the origin and insertion point.

Answer 4

Origin: Xiphoid process, cartilages of ribs 5-7
Insertion: Pubic symphysis and crest

Question 5

Pyramidalis

Name the origin and insertion point.

Answer 5

Origin: Pubis
Insertion: Linea alba

Question 6

External Oblique

Name the origin and insertion point.

Answer 6

Origin: lower eight ribs; iliac crest
Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest

Question 7

Internal Oblique

Name the origin and insertion point.

Answer 7

Origin: lumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
Insertion: lower 3 ribs, xiphoid process, linea alba, pubic crest

Question 8

Transversus Abdominis

Name the origin and insertion point.

Answer 8

Origin: lumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
Insertion: Xiphoid process, linea alba

Question 9

Capital medusae. Give feature and cause.

Answer 9

Obstruction of the portal vein, periumbilical veins become bigger and visible because they serve as avenue of venous return

Question 10

Name the superior and inferior boundaries of the abdomen

Answer 10

Superiorly: the costal margin, xiphoid process, and cartilage of ribs 7-10
Inferiorly: iliac crest, pubis

Question 11

What line ruuns from the xiphoid process to the pubis?

Answer 11

Linea alba (white line)

Question 12

6 common causes of abdominal protrusion

Answer 12

Food
Fat (also food)
Fluid
Feces
Flatus
Fucking (Fetus)

Question 13

Describe the path designated by the arcuate line

Answer 13

Spot halfway between umbilicus and pubic bone makes a line out to the anterior spine (bump of the crest) on either side

Question 14

Describe the differences between the rectus sheath above and below the arcuate line

Answer 14

Above: Aponeuroses of internal oblique surrounds rectus abdominis muscle, with those of external and transversus

Question 15

Name the intraperitoneal organs

Answer 15

Liver, spleen, stomach, duodenum (1st part), jejunum, ileum, transverse & sigmoid colon, superior rectum

Question 16

Name the retroperitoneal organs

Answer 16

Kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas (head & body), duodenum (parts 2-4), ascending & descending colon

Question 17

Hangs from the greater curve of the stomach, prevents adhesions between the parietal peritoneum and the ventral body wall

Answer 17

Greater omentum

Question 18

Runs between the lesser curvature of the stomach and the liver

Answer 18

Lesser omentum

Question 19

What are two main features of the lesser omentum

Answer 19

Hepatogastric ligament (attaches to liver)
Hepatoduodenal ligament (encloses the portal triad)

Question 20

Explain the difference between the greater sac and the lesser

Answer 20

Lesser: above/behind stumach, all the way into the greater omentum
Greater: everything posterior/inferior to spleen, transverse colon, greater omentum

Question 21

Membrane that holds all the intestines in place

Answer 21

Mesentary

Question 22

Name all the ligaments of the liver

Answer 22

Right triangular, left triangular, anterior and posterior coronary ligaments, falciform ligament, round ligament

Question 23

What ligament divides the right and left lobe of the liver

Answer 23

Falciform ligament

Question 24

What structure used to be the umbilical vein of the fetus

Answer 24

Round ligament

Question 25

What structure used to be the ductus venosus

Answer 25

Ligamentum venosum

Question 26

What connects the spleen to the stomach?

Answer 26

gastrointestinal ligament

Question 27

what connects the spleen to the left kidney

Answer 27

Lienorenal ligament

Question 28

What opening is between the hepatic triad and the inferior vena cava?

Answer 28

The Epiploic foramen of Winslow

Question 29

Name all the organs in the RUQ

Answer 29

Liver, gallbladder, pyloric stomach, duodenum, right kidney & adrenal gland, pancreas (head), colon, IVC

Question 30

Name all the organs in the LUQ

Answer 30

Liver, abd. esophagus, stomach (fundus & body), jejunum, spleen, left kidney & adrenal gland, pancreas (body & tail), colon, aorta

Question 31

Name all the organs in the RLQ

Answer 31

Ileum, colon, cecum, appendix, right ureter

Question 32

Name all the organs in the LLQ

Answer 32

Ileum, Colon, Jejunum, left ureter

Question 33

Name for aperistalsis, narrowing, lack of relaxation of distal esophagus

Answer 33

Achalasia/ stenosis of the cardia

Question 34

What is the name for the part of the stomach superior to where the esophagus enters

Answer 34

Fundus

Question 35

When a portion of the stomach protrudes into the abdomen

Answer 35

Hiatal hernia

Question 36

What attaches the duodenal-jejunal junction to the diaphragm

Answer 36

ligament of Treitz

Question 37

What are the 4 parts of the duodenum

Answer 37

Superior (L1), descending(L1-L3), transverse, ascending (L2)

Question 38

What is the name of the entrance of the bile and pancreatic ducts into the descending duodenum?

Answer 38

Ampulla of vater

Question 39

This is the prolapse of invagination of one portion of the intestine

Answer 39

intussusception

Question 40

What attaches wither end of the transcerse colon

Answer 40

Hepatic and splenic fixtures

Question 41

Where does one localize appendicitis?

Answer 41

McBurney's point

Question 42

Name two tests for appendicitis

Answer 42

Psoas sign: pain on passive extension of right leg | Obturator sign: pain on passive internal rotation of the flexed thigh