5. Perineum (Carter) Flashcards
What is the purpose of an episiotomy?
Preventing perineal tears during childbirth.
Why is a midline episiotomy typically not preferred?
Because a midline episiotomy would affect the perineal body, which is often avoided by physicians.
Into which lymph nodes does limb from the deep peroneal space, proximal vagina, and proximal anal canal superior to the pectinate line drain?
Internal iliac nodes.
What are the boundaries of the ischiorectal fossa?
The lateral boundary is the obturator internus and the ischium.
The superior and medial boundary is the levator ani and the external anal sphincter.
What erectile tissue can be found below the labia minora?
The bulb of the vestibule.
Where does the levator ani muscle insert into the structures of the anal triangle?
The levator ani terminates into the external anal sphincter muscle.
What is supplied by the inferior rectal nerve?
What does the inferior rectal nerve branch off of?
The inferior rectal nerve supplies the skin around the anus and the external anal sphincter.
The inferior rectal nerve branches off of the pudendal nerve.
What are the erectile tissues of the penis?
The corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum.
Which anterior rami give rise to the pudendal nerve?
S2-S4
What is contained within the pudendal canal?
The pudendal nerve.
The internal pudendal artery.
The internal pudendal vein.
What glands secrete a clear mucus to lubricate the external genitalia during sexual activity in females?
The greater vestibular glands.
What four structures are typically cut in an episiotomy?
Posterior vaginal wall.
Bulbospongiosus muscle.
Superficial transverse perineus muscle.
Skin and associated fascia.
What are the six causes of male impotence discussed in class?
Nerve damage to the prostatic nerve plexus.
Atherosclerosis.
Type II diabetes.
Spinal cord injury.
Hormonal disorders.
Psychological disorder.
What is contained within the deep perineal space?
Superior fascial layer of the urogenital diaphragm.
Deep transverse perineus muscle.
External urethral sphincter and membranous urethra.
Bulbourethral glands (male).
Compressor urethrae (female).
Vagina (female).
Inferior fascial layer of the urogenital diaphragm.
What are the anterior, anterolateral, posterolateral, posterior, superior, and inferior borders of the perineum?
Anterior: pubic symphysis.
Anterolateral: ischiopubic ramus.
Posterolateral: sacrotuberous ligament.
Posterior: coccyx and sacrum.
Superior: pelvic diaphragm.
Inferior: skin associated with external genitalia and anal canal.
What four structures make up the root of the penis?
The two crura.
The bulb of the penis.
The ischiocavernosus muscle.
The bulbospongiosus muscle.
