[5] Pediatric Oncology Flashcards
What is the incidence of malignancies occurring in children?
1%
Define: Trismus
Inability to open mouth
Most common childhood cancer worldwide
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
“True” 2nd most common cancer in children
Solid Tumor Brain Cancer (Medulloblastoma)
Children with Down Syndrome have an increased risk for developing this kind of cancer
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Children with Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome have an increased risk for developing this kind of cancer
Hepatoblastoma
Wilm’s Tumor
Red Flag indicator for Leukemia in a CBC
Very high lymphocyte count
Very low hemoglobin and platelets
If an ALL spreads to the chest, does this have a better or worse prognosis than if it spread to the abdomen?
If has a worse prognosis because it indicates an origin from the Thymus affecting T-cells, aBdominal spread indicates B-cell affectation and better prognosis
Test to differentiate between T and B cell Leukemia
Flow Cytometry (X-Ray can be used if funding is an issue, mediastinal node involvement is more likely T-Cell)
ALL Blast Cell Sanctuary Sties
Brain
Testicle
A fever of malignancy can be given this drug to check if it is indeed a malignancy
Naproxen
If the fever goes away immediately, it is most probably a malignancy
Peak ages of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
1st Peak: Adolescence
2nd Peak: 50-60 y/o
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is more common in males/females?
Males
This cancer is the most frequent cause of intussusception in children >6 years old
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Usual location of brain tumors in children >8 y/o
Supretentorial
Usual location of brain tumors in children
Infratentorial
2nd most common solid tumor in children
Neuroblastoma
Most common location of a neuroblastoma
Abdominal presentation
Most common pediatric malignancy of the kidney
Wilms’ Tumor
Peak Age at Diagnosis of Wilms’ Tumor
2-3 Years
Why is Thrombocytosis common in Hepatoblastoma Patients?
Results from production of cytokine members including TPO (Thrombopoietin), within tumor tissues
Most common liver tumor of childhood
Hepatoblastoma
First sign of Retinoblastoma
Leukocoria
Classic Radiologic Finding in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Lytic Bone Lesion (Face or Base of Skull)
A 2-year-old male with macroglossia and RUQ mass
a. Leukemia
b. Hepatoblastoma
c. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
d. Neuroblastoma
B
3 year old female with 2 week history of ataxia and diplopia. Midline cerebellar mass on MRI
a. Leukemia
b. Wilm’s Tumor
c. Medulloblastoma
d. Retinoblastoma
C
Best treatment option for Acute Leukemia
a. Chemotherapy
b. Surgery
c. Radiation
d. Chemotherapy and Surgery
A
A patient with Leukocoria, OD, of 4 mos duration, presents to the ophtha clinic. There is a family history of eye tumors, but specific dx unrecalled. This is most likely?
a. Medulloblastoma
b. Astrocytoma
c. Orbital sarcoma
d. Retinoblastoma
D
Which of the ff would most likely present as an asymptomatic abdominal mass? a. Neuroblastoma b. Hepatoblastoma c. Wilms d. Retinoblastoma
C
Neuroblastoma occurs
a. Only in the abdomen
b. Anywhere along the sympathetic chain
c. Anywhere along the spinal column
B
Most common childhood cancer
a. Brain tumors
b. Lung carcinomas
c. Leukemias
d. Retinoblastoma
C
Most common solid tumor in children
a. Neuroblastoma
b. Hepatoblastoma
c. Brain Tumors
d. Lymphoma
C
Current survival in ALL in children
a. 80-90%
b. 20-30%
A
A tumor commonly seen in the first year of life
a. Osteosarcoma
b. Lymhomha
c. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
d. Hepatoblastoma
D
Which would most likely present as an asymptomatic abdominal mass?
a. Neuroblastoma
b. Hepatoblastoma
c. Wilms
d. Retinoblastoma
C
Treatment of medullablastoma involves
a. Surgery only
b. Surgery and chemotherapy
c. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy
d. Radiotherapy only
C
Supratentorial brain tumors most often seen in
a. 8 years old
B
True regarding Wilm’s Tumor
a. Presents as an asymptomatic abdominal mass
b. Common in adolescence
c. Most common hepatic tumor in children
A
Most common presentation of retinoblastoma
a. Leukocoria
b. Proptosis
A
Childhood cancer is
a. Mostly untreatable
b. Mostly curable
B
Childhood cancer is
a. Rare
b. Common
c. Mostly difficult to treat
A
Early detection
a. Improves cure rate
b. May decrease intensity of therapy
c. Aand B
C
Pediatric cancer is on the
a. Rise
b. Decline
A
