5. Olds (Finals) Flashcards
Live vaccine is better than killed vaccine, but what is its major disadvantage?
Potential to mutate leading to variants
Can infect host upon administration, can’t be used to immunocompromised hosts.
Draw circovirus and influenza (orthomyxo?) virus. Write 5 differences between the viruses in terms of structure, morphology, or chemical composition.
- Nucleic Acid Conformation - Circo (ssDNA), Influenza (ssRNA)
- Presence of Envelope - Circo (nonenveloped), Influenza (enveloped)
- Proteins - Circo (2 major ORFs on opposite sides: replicase and capsid proteins), Influenza (proteins making up ribonucleotide: NP, PA, PB1, PB2) and in lipid envelope (HA, NA, M1, M2)
- Shape of virions - Circo (spherical), Influenza (pleomorphic, filamentous)
Families of RNA viruses that have multiple segments
- Birnaviridae: 2
- Orthomyxoviridae: 6-8
- Arenaviridae: 2
- Reoviridae: 10-12
- Bunyaviridae: 3
Replication cycle ng Pox
Why you can find parvovirus microscopically in cytoplasm
- Attachment to receptor➡️endocytosis of the virion to the host cell.
- Virion penetrates into cytoplasm (permeabilization) and reaches the nucleus where uncoating occurs (microtubular transport)
Give the clinical sign or lesion of the ff:
a. Ectromelia
b. Porcine circovirus
c. Hog cholera
d. Dry form of fowl pox
e. Dry form of feline infectious peritonitis
a. Ectromelia (Poxviridae) - Papules
b. Porcine circovirus (Circoviridae) - diarrhea
c. Hog cholera (Flaviviridae) - diarrhea, vomiting
d. Dry form of fowl pox (Poxviridae)- Papules
e. Dry form of feline infectious peritonitis - seizures
Pathogenesis of fatal rabies starting from bite from leg
centripetal spread
* bite (saliva)
* muscles, peripheral/cns
* spinal cord
* brain a) limbic b) neocortex
centrifugal spread
* brain a) limbic b) neocortex
* salivary
Stable or unstable virus:
a. Foot and mouth
b. Blue tongue
c. Vesicular exanthema
d. Rinderpest
e. Ebola
a. Foot and mouth (Picorna) - Stable
b. Blue tongue (Reo) - Stable
c. Vesicular exanthema (Calici) - Stable
d. Rinderpest (Paramyxo) - Unstable
e. Ebola (Filo) - Unstable
Draw and describe virus:
a. Cowpox
b. Ebola
c. Rabies
d. PED
e. infectious canine hepatitis virus
a. Cowpox - Brick shaped
b. Ebola- filamentous
c. Rabies - Bullet shaped
d. PED - club shaped
e. infectious canine hepatitis virus - icosahedral
Pathogenesis of hog cholera (classical swine fever) to target organs
- Entry: Oronasal
- 1: replication - tonsils
- lymph nodes
- viremia
- endothelial cells, lymphoid organs, bone marrow
- hemorrhages
- leukopenia
- thrombocytopenia
- parenchymatous organs, brain
- hemorrhages
- congestion
- infarction
- DIC
- thrombosis
- enteritis
Pathogenesis of Infectious bursal disease (Gumboro disease) to secondary bacterial infection
- Oronasal entry
- 4-5 hours: gut-associated macrophages and lymphocytes in ceca & small intestine
- Primary viremia
- 11 hours: cloacal bursal lymphocytes
- Secondary viremia
- Localization in other lymphoid organs
–——————
* Target organ is Bursa of Fabricious
* 3-4 days after infection –> 5X increase size, edema, hyperemia
* Collapse of lymphoid follicles (B cell death hemorrhages in bursal serosa & necrotic foci in parenchyma
* Grossly atrophic bursa
* Enlarged kidneys with ureates due to dehydration
Arrange the following virus according to genomic size (biggest to smallest):
a. psittacine beak and feather disease
b. transmissible gastroenteritis virus
c. Avian encephalomyelitis
d. Lumpy skin disease
e. Feline Panleukopenia
a. psittacine beak and feather disease (Circoviridae): 5 (12-27)
b. transmissible gastroenteritis virus (Coronaviridae): 2 (120-160)
c. Avian encephalomyelitis (Picornaviridae): 3 (30)
d. Lumpy skin disease (Poxviridae) 1 (259 x 299 x 299)
e. Feline Panleukopenia (Parvoviridae)- 4 (18-26)
Taqman probe in PCR
DRAW
Principle:
* Intact probe gives no fluorescence signal – fluorophore close to quencher
* Polymerization of primer during PCR breaks the intact probe – fluorophore moves away from quencher leading to unblocked fluorescence
Give 4 possible horizontal transmission routes for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome
(PRRS)
- Sexually
- Close contact with infected pig
- Nasal discharge/droplet/ aerosol
- Mechanically by vehicles
- Indirect contact - via fomites
- Iatrogenic transmission - direct result of some activity of the attending veterinarian, veterinary technologist, or other person in the course of caring for animals, usually via non sterile equipment, multiple-use syringes, or inadequate hand washing.
- Nosocomial transmission - occurs while an animal is in a veterinary hospital or clinic
Draw and describe the Ag LFD positive and negative results
DRAW
Negative
1. Absorption zone
2. Detection zone (Control line) - fixed Ab detects conjugate
3. Detection zone (Test line) - fixed Ab detects Ag in sample (none)
4. Conjugate pad
5. Sample pad
Positive
1. Absorption zone
2. Detection zone (Control line) - fixed Ab detects conjugate
3. Detection zone (Test line) - fixed Ab detects Ag in sample (+)
4. Conjugate pad
5. Sample pad
