5: Memory 1

Question 1

What is memory?

Answer 1

The process of aquiring, storing, retaining and retrieving information

Question 2

What are the stages of learning and memory?

Answer 2

Encoding

Storage

Retrieval

Question 3

What is the free recall paradigm?

Answer 3

Participants study one memory set and are asked to recall the items in any order after a small delay, sometimes involving an extra task

Question 4

What is the primacy effect?

Answer 4

We have improved recall for items presented early in a memory set

Question 5

What is the regency effect?

Answer 5

We have improved recall for items presented later in the memory set

Question 6

What does the excistance of the primacy and regency effect show?

Answer 6

Short and long term memory systems

Question 7

In the free recall paradigm, what is the effect of supressing rehersal during the time delay between the first and second set?

Answer 7

Elimination of the regency effect but not the primacy effect

Question 8

What is the displacement theory of short term memory?

Answer 8

Information can be pushed out by new information

Question 9

Who came up with the idea of working memory capacity?

Answer 9

Miller

Question 10

What is typical working memory capacity?

Answer 10

7 items for verbal information, 4 for visual

Question 11

What is chunking?

Answer 11

A technique for Improving short term memory

Functionally related bits of information are grouped together

Question 12

Who came up with the multistore model of memory?

Answer 12

Atkinson and Shiffrin

Question 13

What are the main parts of the multistore model of memory?

Answer 13

Sensory registers
Long/Short term memory
Control systems

Question 14

What is the role of sensory registers in the multistore model of memory?

Answer 14

They hold information until it’s passed into the short term memory

Question 15

What is the role of short term memory in the multistore model of memory?

Answer 15

Holds and processes information aquired recently

Limited capacity and sensative to interfearance

Items must be rehersed to avoid forgetting

Question 16

What is the role of long term memory in the multistore model of memory?

Answer 16

Holds all the information we aquire through learning

Information is stored premanently and it’s insensative to interfearence

Question 17

What is the role of control processes in the multistore model of memory?

Answer 17

They control what information reaches the short term memory and filters out irrelevent things through attention

They control what is passed into long term memory

Question 18

What are the incorrect assumptions of the internal working model?

Answer 18

Items enter LTM through rehersal: We can reherse but not put in LTM

Short term memory processes in units: It doesn’t

Question 19

Who came up with the levels of processing?

Answer 19

Craik and Lockhart

Question 20

What are the levels of procesing?

Answer 20

Shallow: Structural

Intermediate: Phonemic (Sounds like/gist)

Deep: Semantic (Meaning)

Question 21

How do levels of processing affect memory strength

Answer 21

The deeper the level, the stronger the memory

Question 22

Who came up with the working memory model?

Answer 22

Baddeley and Hitch

Question 23

What are the main ideas of the working memory model?

Answer 23

We have seperate STM componants for handling different kinds of information

Visuospatial sketchpad
Episodic buffer
Phonological loop

Question 24

What are the main componants of the working memory model?

Answer 24

Visuospatial sketchpad
Episodic buffer
Phonological loop

Question 25

What kind of information is processed by the phonological loop?

Answer 25

Speech-based information

Question 26

What kind of input goes into the phonological loop?

Answer 26

Auditory or visual

Question 27

What are the componanents of the phonological loop?

Answer 27

Phonological store (Inner ear)

Rehersal process (Inner voice)

Question 28

What is the function of the phonological store?

Answer 28

Speech perception
Holds information for 1-2 seconds
Information is lost if not refreshed

Question 29

What is the function of the rehersal process in the phonological loop?

Answer 29

Speech production

Rehersal refreshes memory one item at a time

Question 30

What part of the working memory model is responsible for speech perception?

Answer 30

Phonological store (Inner ear) of the phonological loop

Question 31

What part of the working memory model is responsible for speech production?

Answer 31

Rehersal process (Inner voice) of the phonological loop

Question 32

What is the phonological similarity effect?

Answer 32

We’re more easily able to remember visually presented words if they sound similar which shows that we have a speech-based rehersal process with acoustic traces

Question 33

What is the word length effect?

Answer 33

As words increase in how long they take to articulate, rehersal time increases and memory decreases

Question 34

What kind of information is processed by the visuospatial sketchpad?

Answer 34

Visual and spatial information

Helps us keep track of where we are in relation to other objects

Question 35

What are the componants of the visuospatial sketchpad?

Answer 35

Visual cache

Inner scribe

Question 36

What is the function of the visual cache?

Answer 36

Part of the visuospatial sketchpad that deals with storing informaion about colour and shape

Question 37

What is the function of the inner scribe?

Answer 37

Part of the visuospatial sketchpad that deals with movement and spatial information

Question 38

What is the visual similarity effect?

Answer 38

Visually similar stimuli are harder to remember

Question 39

What is the central executive?

Answer 39

Part of the working memory model that deals with planning, problem solving and decision making where automatic processes aren’t relevant

Question 40

What is the episodic buffer?

Answer 40

Part of the working memory model that deals with the coordination of the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad