5 mechanisms ( bio lab )

Question 1

what are the 5 mechanisms

Answer 1

pinky - genetic drift
ring - non random mating
middle - mutations
pointer - gene flow
thumb - natural selection

Question 2

what are mutations

Answer 2

changes that occur in DNA
only source of new alleles

Question 3

what is beneficial mutation

Answer 3

mutations are rare but the environment selects them which results from them growing overtime

Question 4

what is a neutral mutation

Answer 4

occur in no regions of genetic material so it doesn’t harm or benefit the organism

Question 5

what is a harmful mutation

Answer 5

occur frequently but environment selects against them so alleles that come from them are rare

Question 6

what is natural selection

Answer 6

organisms with advantages heritable traits are selected for an survive and reproduce

Question 7

what is selective pressure

Answer 7

selects for or against a certain traits that allows the organism to survive and reproduce a viable offspring

Question 8

what are the 3 modes of natural selection

Answer 8

disruptive
directional
stabilizing

Question 9

what is disruptive selection

Answer 9

selects for the extreme phenotypes

Question 10

what is directional selection

Answer 10

selects for just one extreme aspect of trait

Question 11

what is stabilizing selection

Answer 11

selects against the characteristics that differ form the most common ancestors

Question 12

what are the 3 types of non random mating

Answer 12

inbreeding
preferred phenotypes
sexual selection

Question 13

what is inbreeding

Answer 13

incest

Question 14

what are preferred phenotypes

Answer 14

selects for a mate based on physical and behavioural traits

Question 15

what are the 2 types of preferred phenotypes

Answer 15

disassortative
when a mate selects for someone who doesn’t look like them

assortative
when a mate selects for someone who is like them

Question 16

what is sexual selection

Answer 16

when a female (most of the time) chooses a mate by their physical and behavioural traits (strongest, most colorful)

Question 17

what is sexual dimorphism

Answer 17

the differences between females and males

Question 18

difference between natural and sexual selection

Answer 18

natural focuses on reproductive and survival success but sexual focuses on passing of traits

Question 19

difference between preferred phenotypes and sexual selection

Answer 19

allele frequency changes in sexual selection but not in preferred phenotypes

Question 20

what is genetic drift

Answer 20

change in gene or allele frequency in small populations

Question 21

what is the bottleneck effect (genetic drift)

Answer 21

large temporary reduction in the pop that results in lots of genetic drift
some alleles may be lost forever because only some individuals survive and reproduce

Question 22

what is founders effect

Answer 22

when a small population leaves to make their own population distanced from old one

causes limited amount of alleles to be present

Question 23

what is gene flow

Answer 23

movement of alleles from one pop to another by the moving of individuals
alters allele frequency
increases genetic diversity