5 Markers

Question 1

Briefly describe the main components of psychodrama.

Answer 1

• History of psychodrama as the first group therapy.
• Use of roles in therapy e.g. protagonist, audience, director etc.
• Role reversal e.g. encouraging protagonist’s awareness of others.
• Use of mirror technique.
• Doubling; making protagonist feelings conscious.
• Any other appropriate content.

5
* Description and level of accuracy is thorough.
* Effective use of appropriate terminology.

Question 2

Briefly describe the main components of dream analysis.

Answer 2

• Dreams as revealing inner desires of the ID.
• Wish fulfilment e.g. primary process thought.
• Dream symbolism but not all dreams have symbolism.
• Manifest and latent content (use of dreamwork).
• Role of the patient and therapist in therapy.
• Any other appropriate content.

5
* Description and level of accuracy is thorough.
* Effective use of appropriate terminology.

Question 3

Evaluate the effectiveness of aversion therapy.

Answer 3

• Research to support/refute effectiveness e.g. Miller (1978), Smith et. al. (1997,1988), Elkins et. al. (2017).
• Dropout rates – Bancroft (1992).
• Length of effect.
• Symptom substitution.
• Appropriateness for different conditions, smoking, alcoholism, obesity.
• Any other appropriate content.

5
* Thorough evaluation.
* Clearly linked to the therapy.
* Examples are well chosen to support the point made.
* Arguments are well-developed and balanced throughout.
* Structure is logical.

Question 4

Evaluate the effectiveness of systematic desensitisation.

Answer 4

• Research to support/refute effectiveness e.g. Capafons et. al. (1998), Seligman (1970), McGrath et. al. (1990).
• Appropriateness for treatment of all phobias.
• Symptom substitution.
• Any other appropriate content.

5
* Thorough evaluation.
* Clearly linked to the therapy.
* Examples are well chosen to support the point made.
* Arguments are well-developed and balanced throughout.
* Structure is logical.

Question 5

Evaluate the ethical considerations of systematic desensitisation.

Answer 5

• Able to provide consent.
• Psychological harm.
• Right to withdraw.
• Comparison of ethics in relation to other treatments.
• Any other appropriate content.

5
* Thorough evaluation.
* Clearly linked to the therapy.
* Examples are well chosen to support the point made.
* Arguments are well-developed and balanced throughout.
* Structure is logical.

Question 6

Explain why a relationship is formed according to the positive approach.

Answer 6

• Positive relationships contribute to healthy well-being, Burt (1986), Lee et. al. (1991), Myers and Diener (1995).
• Authenticity of goodness and excellence assumption – ability to develop and express signature strengths.
• The good life assumption – positive connection to others.
• Any other appropriate content.

5
* Explanation and level of accuracy is thorough.
* Effective use of appropriate terminology.’

Question 7

Evaluate the ethical considerations of aversion therapy.

Answer 7

• Physical harm.
• Psychological harm.
• Used as a treatment for socially sensitive topics in the past.
• Consent.
• Comparison of ethics in relation to other treatments.
• Any other appropriate content.

5
* Thorough evaluation.
* Clearly linked to the therapy.
* Examples are well chosen to support the point made.
* Arguments are well-developed and balanced throughout.
* Structure is logical.

Question 8

Dr Singh is a psychologist who favours the behaviourist approach. Explain why he would consider aversion therapy as a suitable treatment for his clients.

Answer 8

Credit could be given for:
* Behaviour is a learnt response so can therefore be unlearnt using behaviourist techniques.
* Classical conditioning to replace a fear response say in phobias with a relaxation response.
* Operant conditioning to reward desirable behaviours and extinguish undesirable behaviours.
* Research evidence that supports the effectiveness of this.
* Research on non-human animals can be extrapolated to human animals as all learn in the same way.
* Any other relevant information.

5
* Thorough discussion/analysis.
* Depth and range of material.
* Structure is logical.
* Clear reference to the stimulus.

Question 9

Dr Singh is a psychologist who favours the behaviourist approach. Explain why he would consider systematic desensitisation as a suitable treatment for his clients.

Answer 9

Credit could be given for:
* Behaviour is a learnt response so can therefore be unlearnt using behaviourist techniques.
* Classical conditioning to replace a fear response say in phobias with a relaxation response.
* Operant conditioning to reward desirable behaviours and extinguish undesirable behaviours.
* Research evidence that supports the effectiveness of this.
* Research on non-human animals can be extrapolated to human animals as all learn in the same way.
* Any other relevant information.

5
* Thorough discussion/analysis.
* Depth and range of material.
* Structure is logical.
* Clear reference to the stimulus.