2 Markers

Question 1

State two stimuli used in the procedures of Watson and Rayner’s (1920) ‘Conditioned emotional reactions.’

Answer 1

Credit could be given for:
* White rat.
* Fur coat.
* Rabbit.
* Fire.
* Striking the steel bar.
* Loud noise.
* Any other stimuli mentioned in the original study.
* If candidate offers more than two answers, only the first two answered are marked.

Question 2

Briefly explain the behaviourist assumption that humans are born a blank slate.

Answer 2

Credit could be given for brief explanation of:
* Tabula Rasa.
* Behaviour learnt through interaction with the environment.
* Respond passively to environmental stimuli.
* Environmental determinism.
* Not pre-programmed, social and environmental stimuli most important for our behaviour.
* Nurture rather than nature.
* Any other relevant information.

Question 3

Identify and briefly explain the methodology of Bowlby’s (1944) research ‘Forty – four juvenile thieves: Their character and home life’.

Answer 3

Credit could be given for:
* Case studies.
* Control group.
* Some details of participants. 44 thieves, 31 boys 13 girls.
* Grading of participant level of thieving.
* Child Guidance Clinic.
* Any other relevant information.

2
* Case studies named and brief explanation given.