5: Macromolecules

Question 1

Polysaccharide

Answer 1

A polymer of many monosaccharides, formed by dehydration reactions

Question 2

Starch

Answer 2

A storage polysaccharide in plants, consists of glucose monomers joined by glycosidic linkages

Question 3

Glycogen

Answer 3

An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscles of animals, the animal equivalent of starch

Question 4

Cellulose

Answer 4

A structural polysaccharide of plant cell walls, glucose monomers joined by B glycosidic linkages

Question 5

Chitin

Answer 5

Structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeleton of all Arthropods

Question 6

Exoskeleton

Answer 6

A hard encasement on the surface of an animal , such as the shell of a mollusk, provides protection and points of attachment for muscles

Question 7

Lipids

Answer 7

Any of a group of large biological molecules, including fats, phospholipids, and steroids that mix poorly/ not at all with H2O

Question 8

Fats

Answer 8

A lipid consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule (AKA a trigycerol/triglyceride)

Question 9

Fatty acid

Answer 9

A carboxylic with a long carbon chain. They vary in length, and the # and location of double bonds; 3 fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form a fat molecule

Question 10

Saturated fatty acid

Answer 10

Fatty acid in which all the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds, this maximizing the # of H atoms that are attracted to the carbon skeleton

Question 11

Unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 11

A fatty acid that has 1 or more donor bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton

Question 12

Atherosclerosis

Answer 12

A cardiovascular disease in which fatty deposits called plaques develop in the inter walls of the arteries, obstructing the arteries and causing them to harden

Question 13

Trains fat

Answer 13

An unsaturated fat, drones artificially during hydrogenation of oils containing one ore more double trans bons

Question 14

Phospholipid

Answer 14

A lipid made up of glycerol joined to 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group. The hydrocarbon chains are Nonpolar hydrophobic tails, and the head is polar and hydrophilic. They form bilayers in the membrane

Question 15

Cholesterol

Answer 15

A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for other biologically important steroids like hormones

Question 16

Steroid

Answer 16

A type of lipid, characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of 4 fused rings with various chemical groups attached