5: Homeostasis

Question 1

Abstinence:

Answer 1

Deliberately refraining from having sexual intercourse.

Question 2

Accommodation:

Answer 2

The process of changing the shape of the lens to focus on near or distant objects.

Question 3

Adrenaline:

Answer 3

A hormone that is produced by the adrenal glands in response to fear or stress which increases the heart rate and boosts the delivery of blood to the brain and muscles as a part of the ‘fight or flight’ response.

Question 4

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH):

Answer 4

A hormone that increases the reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules.

Question 5

Contraception:

Answer 5

Methods used to prevent pregnancy.

Question 6

Coordination centres:

Answer 6

Areas of the body like the brain, spinal cord and pancreas that receive and process information from receptors.

Question 7

Deamination:

Answer 7

A process occurring in the liver that removes the amino group from an amino acid to produce ammonia.

Question 8

Dialysis:

Answer 8

A method of treating kidney failure or disease where the blood is artificially filtered to remove waste and toxins.

Question 9

Effectors:

Answer 9

Muscles or glands which bring about responses which restore optimum levels.

Question 10

Ethene:

Answer 10

A type of plant hormone which controls cell division and the ripening of fruits.

Question 11

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH):

Answer 11

A female reproductive hormone that causes the maturation of an egg in the ovary.

Question 12

Geotropism/Gravitropism:

Answer 12

A plant’s directional growth response to gravity.

Question 13

Gibberellins:

Answer 13

A type of plant hormone which initiates seed germination.

Question 14

Gland:

Answer 14

A group of cells that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Question 15

Glucagon:

Answer 15

A hormone produced by the pancreas that causes glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into the blood.

Question 16

Homeostasis:

Answer 16

The regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for function in response to internal and external changes.

Question 17

Hyperopia:

Answer 17

A defect of the eye where nearby objects appear out of focus (also called long sightedness).

Question 18

In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF):

Answer 18

Fertilising a woman’s egg using sperm outside of the body.

Question 19

Luteinising hormone (LH):

Answer 19

A female reproductive hormone that stimulates the release of an egg.

Question 20

Myopia:

Answer 20

A defect of the eye where distant objects appear out of focus (also called short sightedness).

Question 21

Negative feedback cycle:

Answer 21

A regulatory mechanism that reverses a change.

Question 22

Oestrogen:

Answer 22

The main female reproductive hormone which causes the uterus lining to grow and repair.

Question 23

Phototropism:

Answer 23

A plant’s directional growth response to light.

Question 24

Receptors:

Answer 24

Organs or cells that detect stimuli.

Question 25

Reflex action:

Answer 25

A rapid and automatic response to a stimulus.

Question 26

Selective reabsorption:

Answer 26

Reabsorbing certain useful molecules (like glucose, some ions and water) back into the blood after they have been filtered out.

Question 27

Stimuli:

Answer 27

Changes in the environment.

Question 28

Target organ:

Answer 28

The organ which a hormone acts on to produce an effect.

Question 29

Testosterone:

Answer 29

The main male reproductive hormone produced by the testes and it stimulates sperm production.

Question 30

The brain:

Answer 30

An organ made of billions of interconnected neurones which controls complex behaviour and has different regions that carry out different functions.

Question 31

The central nervous system (CNS):

Answer 31

The brain and spinal cord which coordinate the response of effectors.

Question 32

The eye:

Answer 32

A sense organ containing receptors sensitive to light intensity and colour.

Question 33

Thermoregulatory centre:

Answer 33

An area of the hypothalamus in the brain which contains blood temperature receptors and regulates body temperature.

Question 34

Thyroxine:

Answer 34

A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that increases the metabolic rate in the body.

Question 35

Type 1 diabetes:

Answer 35

A disorder in which the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin which is characterised by uncontrolled high blood glucose levels.

Question 36

Type 2 diabetes:

Answer 36

A disorder where the body cells no longer respond to insulin produced by the pancreas.

Question 37

Vasoconstriction:

Answer 37

The constriction of blood vessels.

Question 38

Vasodilation:

Answer 38

The dilation of blood vessels.