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KEY - AP - APC - PM - Revision > 5 - Health and Safety > Flashcards

5 - Health and Safety Flashcards

1
Q

143 - What is the HSE?

A

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is the NATIONAL INDEPENDENT WATCHDOG for work-related health, safety and illness. It acts in the public interest to reduce WORK-RELATED death and serious injury across Great Britain’s workplaces.

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2
Q

144 - Define what service the HSE provides to improve safety? (2)

A
  1. Regulation and Enforcement
    Inspection and Auditing: HSE inspects workplaces to ensure compliance with health and safety laws.
    Investigation of Incidents: HSE investigates workplace accidents, ill-health reports, and dangerous occurrences.
    Enforcement Action: The HSE can issue improvement or prohibition notices, prosecute organizations or individuals, and impose penalties for breaches of health and safety law.
  2. Guidance and Advice
    Industry-Specific Guidance: The HSE provides tailored advice for various industries, such as construction, manufacturing, healthcare, and education.
    Best Practices: Guidance on achieving compliance with legal requirements and improving health and safety standards.
    Publications and Resources: Codes of practice, technical guidance, and case studies.
  3. Support and Tools for Employers
    Risk Assessment Tools: HSE offers tools to help employers conduct risk assessments and manage hazards effectively.
    COSHH Essentials: Guidance for managing hazardous substances under the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) regulations.
    Workplace Stress Management: Support for managing mental health risks, including the HSE Management Standards for work-related stress.
  4. Research and Development
    Health and Safety Research: HSE commissions and conducts research to identify and address emerging workplace risks.
    Statistical Analysis: Data and trends about workplace injuries, illnesses, and fatalities.
  5. Training and Education
    Workshops and Seminars: HSE offers training programs on various topics, including risk management and legal compliance.
    Approved Training Providers: Recognized courses for gaining qualifications such as NEBOSH or IOSH.
  6. Approvals and Licensing
    Approving High-Risk Activities: Licensing or approving certain high-risk work activities, such as handling asbestos or operating explosives..
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3
Q

145 - How long should H&S data be kept for?

A

Technically FOREVER (subject to the NATURE and intended USE), information such as asbestos exposure may be required to monitor long term illness such as asbestosis.

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4
Q

146 - What is a Construction Phase Health & Safety Plan (CPH&SP)?

A

Developed during the construction phase by the CONTRACTOR, the purpose is to DEMONSTRATE HOW the building will be built from a SAFETY PERSPECTIVE

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5
Q

147 - What are the key principles of COSHH? (statements + 4 examples)

A

COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health) requires employers to PREVENT or REDUCE workers EXPOSURE to substances including;
1) Chemicals
2) Fumes, gases, vapours and mists (paint, glue, welding, cleaning agents)
3) Dusts (asbestos, silica)
4) Biological agents and germs

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6
Q

148 - What is corporate manslaughter?

A

An organisation is guilty of a corporate manslaughter offense if the way in which its activities are managed or organised CAUSES a person’s DEATH and if this amounts to a GROSS BREACH of a relevant DUTY OF CARE owed by the organisation TO THE DECEASED.

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7
Q

149 - What is the Considerate Constructor’s Scheme? (statement + 4 examples)

A

It is a NON-FOR-PROFIT INDEPENDENT ORGANISATION founded in 1997 to IMPROVE THE IMAGE of the INDUSTRY. It encourages contractors and their supply chain to IMPLEMENT BEST PRACTICE;
1) Aims to promote construction
2) Aims to deliver the best practice in terms of site operations (cleanliness of site etc).
3) Voluntary effort.
4) Delivering standards and benefitting the surrounding neighbourhood and community.

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8
Q

150 - What are the main assessment categories within the Considerate Constructor’s Scheme? (5)

A

There are 5 CODES of CONSIDERATE PRACTICE;
1) Respect the COMMUNITY
2) Protect the ENVIRONMENT
3) Value the WORKFORCE

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9
Q

151 - What is the biggest cause of long-term health issues in the construction industry?

A

Breathing in hazardous DUST and FUMES

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10
Q

152 - Historically, which type of accident kills the most construction workers?

A

FALLS from height

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11
Q

153 - What is the minimum height of the main guard rail on scaffolding?

A

950mm

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12
Q

154 - The Beaufort Scale is important when working at height externally, what does it measure?

A

Wind speed

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13
Q

155 - When are visitors or workers most likely to have an accident on a construction site?

A

When they FIRST START on a new site

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14
Q

156 - When you last visited a construction site, what considerations did you give to your own health and safety? (5)

A

1) Preparing or contributing to method statements or risk assessments.
2) Wearing personal protective equipment (PPE).
3) Attending site inductions and adhering to the contractor’s site rules.
4) Ensuring that health and safety was discussed at meetings.
5) Reporting any issues to site management.

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15
Q

157 - You are going to complete a site valuation on your own, what should you do before leaving the office? (2)

A

1) ADVISE MY MANAGER where I am going and who I am meeting, I would also suggest a time when I am due back in the office.
2) Make the SITE MANAGER AWARE of the visit and check I have the correct PPE.

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16
Q

158 - What H&S hazards have you come across on your projects? (6)

A

1) Impact of site traffic movements
2) Poor lighting
3) Manual handling
4) Slips, trips & falls
5) Working at height
6) Noise

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17
Q

159 - What is a CSCS card? (3)

A

1) Construction Skills Certification Scheme
2) PROVIDES PROOF that individuals working on construction sites have the appropriate training and qualifications for the job they do
3) By ensuring the workforce are APPROPRIATELY QUALIFIED, the card plays its part in improving STANDARDS and SAFETY on UK construction sites

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18
Q

160 - What does PPE stand for?

A

Personal protective equipment

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19
Q

161 - Can you give me some examples of PPE? (5)

A

1) Hard hat
2) Gloves
3) Hi-vis vest
4) Steel toecap boots
5) Eye and hearing protection

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20
Q

162 - A member of the public has been injured by work activities and taken to hospital for treatment. What should happen next?

A

The accident should be reported by the responsible person to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE)

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21
Q

163 - The site has been issued with a prohibition notice by HSE. What does this mean?

A

A prohibition notice normally requires the site to STOP a PARTICULAR ACTIVITY straight away. The site must not resume activity until ACTION HAS BEEN TAKEN to remove or control the risk

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22
Q

164 - What should you do first if you find an injured person on site? (2)

A

1) ASSESS THE SITUATION - do not put yourself in danger
2) RAISE THE ALARM and call for help

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23
Q

165 - There has been a serious accident on site. When should an automated external defibrillator (AED) be used?

A

AEDs can save the life of someone having SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating

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24
Q

166 - What does RAMS stand for?

A

Risk Assessment and Method Statement

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25
Q

167 - What is a method statement?

A

A statement / METHODOLOGY that details the WAY THE WORK WILL BE COMPLETED. The method statement should outline the hazards involved and include a step by step guide on how to execute safely.

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26
Q

168 - What is meant by risk assessment?

A

IDENTIFYING a hazard, MEASURING the risk and IDENTIFYING the method of REDUCING the risk.

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27
Q

169 - What is the hierarchy of H&S risk controls? (5)

A

(Most effective to least effective);

1) ELIMINATION - Physically remove the hazard
2) SUBSTITUTION - Replace the hazard
3) ENGINEERING - Isolate people from the hazard
4) ADMINISTRATIVE - Change the way people work
5) PPE - Protect the worker with personal protective equipment

(See book for diagram of same)

28
Q

170 - What do you do if you find asbestos on site? (3)

A

1) STOP work IMMEDIATELY and ensure the area is safe (nobody else can access).
2) REPORT the matter to the SITE MANAGER, there may be a requirement to notify the HSE.
3) The asbestos will need to be TESTED by a COMPETENT CONTRACTOR to identify the type.

29
Q

171 - Which regulations (produced by the HSE) are applicable to asbestos?

A

Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012

30
Q

172 - Are you aware of any guidance issued by RICS associated with asbestos?

A

Asbestos: legal requirements and best practice for property professionals and clients - 4th edition, May 2021

(See book for QR code to document)

31
Q

173 - What are the 3 most common types of asbestos?

A

1) CROCIDOLITE - Characterised by its straight BLUE fibres. This type of asbestos is considered the MOST LETHAL form of the mineral.
2) AMOSITE - Commonly known as BROWN asbestos. The second most common asbestos type; and the SECOND DEADLIEST
3) CHRYSOTILE - Commonly known for its LONG CURLY FIBRES. Chrysotile is the MOST COMMON type of asbestos used in industrial and commercial applications. Usually WHITE in colour.

32
Q

174 - Name the different types of asbestos survey available? (2)

A

1) ASBESTOS MANAGEMENT SURVEY - The purpose of the management survey is to manage asbestos containing materials (ACMs) during the normal occupation and use of premises.
2) REFURBISHMENT / DEMOLITION SURVEY - The R&D survey is required where the premises, or part of it, need upgrading, refurbishment, or demolition.

33
Q

175 - Where is asbestos commonly found in older buildings? (7)

A

1) Cement gutters and down pipes
2) Corrugated roofs
3) Floor and ceiling tiles
4) Insulated boards
5) Lagging
6) Textiles
7) Soffits

34
Q

176 - What is an asbestos management plan?

A

An asbestos management plan is a crucial DOCUMENT designed to REGISTER and DETAIL HOW asbestos will be MANAGED in a property and what activities will be engaged to ensure people REMAIN SAFE FROM ASBESTOS EXPOSURE.

35
Q

177 - What should the asbestos management plan include? (5)

A

The plan must say WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR WHAT and should include;
1) The party responsible for managing the asbestos
2) The asbestos register identifying type and location etc.
3) Plans for work on asbestos material
4) The schedule for monitoring the materials’ condition
5) Telling people about your decisions

36
Q

178 - How can asbestos be managed on site? (3)

A

1) REMOVE - eliminate the risk.
2) ENCAPSULATE - process of applying a protective layer onto the asbestos containing material (ACM) which will contain asbestos fibres and provide some protection to the ACM from damage.
3) MANAGE - set up an asbestos management plan.

37
Q

179 - What are the main health hazards when somebody is exposed to asbestos? (3)

A

1) ASBESTOSIS - a chronic lung disease that can cause shortness of breath, coughing and permanent lung damage.
2) LUNG CANCER
3) MESOTHELIOMA - a cancer of the thin membranes that line the chest and abdomen

38
Q

180 - When is an employer required to have a written H&S policy in the UK?

A

When they employ more than 5 people

39
Q

181 - Can you list 5 H&S Regulations which are applicable to a construction project? (5)

A

1) Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
2) Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
3) Construction (Design and Management) (CDM) Regulations 2015
4) Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002
5) Working at Height Regulations 2005

40
Q

182 - What is the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974? (4)

A

1) The BASIS OF BRITISH HEALTH AND SAFETY LAW is the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974.
2) The act sets out the GENERAL DUTIES which EMPLOYERS have TOWARDS EMPLOYEES and MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC and employees have to themselves and each other.
3) These duties are qualified in the Act by the principle of “SO FAR AS IS REASONABLY PRACTICABLE.”
4) The main requirement on employers is to carry out a RISK ASSESSMENT. Employers with five or more employees need to record the significant findings of the risk assessment.

41
Q

183 - What does RIDDOR stand for?

A

Reporting of Injuries Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations

42
Q

184 - Tell me about Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrence Regulations 2013 (RIDDOR)?

A

RIDDOR puts DUTIES on employers, the self-employed and people in control of work premises (the Responsible Person) TO REPORT certain serious workplace accidents, occupational diseases and specified dangerous occurrences (near misses).

43
Q

185 - What are the key principles of Lifting Operations Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER)? (statement + 3 points)

A

The regulations (often abbreviated to LOLER) place DUTIES on people and companies who own, operate or have control over LIFTING EQUIPMENT. This incudes businesses and organisations whose employees use lifting equipment.

1) All lifting operations involving lifting equipment MUST BE PROPERLY PLANNED by a competent person, appropriately supervised and carried out in a safe manner.
2) LOLER also requires that all EQUIPMENT used for lifting is FIT FOR PURPOSE, appropriate for the task, suitably and, in many cases, subject to statutory periodic “thorough examination”.
3) RECORDS MUST BE KEPT of all thorough examinations and any defects found must be reported to both the patron responsible for the equipment and the relevant enforcing authority.

44
Q

186 - What is the Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005? (statement + 2 points)

A

The regulations require employers to PROTECT their employees from EXCESSIVE LEVELS OF NOISE that could cause hearing damage. There are two main action levels for continuous noise;
1) LOWER EXPOSURE ACTION VALUE - daily or weekly noise exposure level of 80dB.
2) UPPER EXPOSURE ACTION VALUE - daily or weekly noise exposure level of 85dB.

45
Q

187 - Are you aware of any recent amendments to the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005? (2)

A

1) The Fire Safety Act 2021, the Act received Royal Assent on 29th April 2021.
2) The Act AMENDS the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 with the intention of IMPROVING FIRE SAFETY in multi-occupancy domestic premises.

46
Q

188 - Can you detail some of the key changes as a result of the Fire Safety Act 2021 coming into legislation? (4)

A

The key changes are;
1) The Act provides clarification as to WHO IS ACCOUNTABLE for reducing the risk of fires.
2) It provides that a “RESPONSIBLE PERSON” who could be, for example, the owner or manager of a multi occupied residential building, MUST ASSESS AND MITIGATE THE FIRE SAFETY RISK associated with both (1) the structure and external walls of a building and (2) entrance doors to individual flats and communal parts of the building.
3) The FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT for the building must be UPDATED to cover both areas referred to above. The responsible person can appoint a fire risk assessor to assist with compliance.
4) FAILURE TO COMPLY with obligations contained within the Act could result in ENFORCEMENT ACTION being taken against the Responsible Person.

47
Q

189 - Does RICS publish any information on how to execute your role safely?

A

Surveying Safely - 2nd Edition, November 2018

(see book for QR code to document)

48
Q

190 - What is the purpose of “Surveying Safely”?

A

Sets out BASIC, GOOD PRACTICE PRINCIPLES for the MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY for RICS regulated firms and RICS members. It sets out principles for those engaged in the built environment as property professionals and includes health and safety responsibilities.

49
Q

191 - Is “Surveying Safely” RICS regulation or guidance?

A

Guidance

50
Q

192 - What is the concept of a “safe person”, as outlined in RICS Surveying Safely, 2018?

A

Each individual ASSUMES individual behavioural RESPONSIBILITY for their own, their colleagues’ and others’ health and safety while at work.

51
Q

193 - What are the key points of the CDM Regulations 2015? (3)

A

1) To ensure clients, designers, contractors and others CONSIDER the HEALTH AND SAFETY of those constructing, maintaining and demolishing the works.
2) Places STATUTORY DUTIES on clients, principal designer, designers and contractors to PLAN, MANAGE and COORDINATE health and safety throughout project.
3) IMPROVES SAFETY on site through design, planning and management.

52
Q

194 - Who are the key duty holders under CDM 2015? (6)

A

1) Client
2) Principal designer
3) Principal contractor
4) Designers
5) Contractors
6) Workers

53
Q

195 - Under CDM, what are commercial clients?

A

ORGANISATIONS or INDIVIDUALS for WHOM a construction PROJECT IS CARRIED OUT that is done as PART OF A BUSINESS.

54
Q

196 - Under CDM, what are domestic clients?

A

PEOPLE who have construction work carried out on THEIR OWN HOME (or the home of a family member) that is NOT DONE as PART OF A BUSINESS.

55
Q

197 - Under CDM, who must make suitable arrangements for managing a project, including the allocation of sufficient time and other resources?

A

The client

56
Q

198 - How does CDM apply to domestic clients with no contractors?

A

CDM 2015 applies if the WORK is CARRIED OUT by SOMEONE ELSE on the domestic client’s behalf. If the householder carries out the work themselves, it is classed as DIY and CDM 2015 does not apply.

57
Q

199 - Who are designers under CDM?

A

Organisations or individuals who AS PART OF A BUSINESS, prepare or modify DESIGNS for a building, product or system RELATING to CONSTRUCTION WORK. Designers provide information to other members of the project team to help them fulfil their duties.

When preparing or modifying designs, eliminate, reduce, or control foreseeable risks that may arise during;
1) Construction
2) The maintenance and use of the building

58
Q

200 - What is the role of the principal designer? (statement + 5 points)

A

The principal designer has an important role in influencing HOW RISKS to health and safety are MANAGED throughout a project. Design decisions made during the pre-construction phase have a significant influence in ensuring the project is delivered in a way that secures the health and safety of everyone affected by the work.

Principal designers must;
1) PLAN, MANAGE, MONITOR and COORDINATE health and safety in the pre-construction phase.
2) Help and advise the client in BRINGING TOGETHER pre-construction INFORMATION and PROVIDE the INFORMATION designers and contractors need to carry out their duties.
3) Work with any other designers on the project to ELIMINATE FORSEEABLE health and safety RISKS to anyone affected by the work and, where that is not possible, take steps to REDUCE OR CONTROL those RISKS.
4) Ensure that everyone involved in the pre-construction phase COMMUNICATES and CO-OPERATES, co-ordinating their work wherever required.
5) LIAISE with the principal contractor, keeping them INFORMED of ANY RISKS that need to be CONTROLLED during the construction phase.

59
Q

What is the role of the principal contractors? (statement + 11 points)

A

Principal contractors have an important role in MANAGING health and safety RISKS during the construction phase so they must have the skills, knowledge, experience and, where relevant, organisational capability to carry out this work.

The principal contractor must;
1) PLAN, MANAGE, MONITOR and COORDINATE the entire construction phase.
2) Take account of the health and safety risks to everyone affected by the work (including members of the public), in planning and managing the MEASURES needed to CONTROL THEM.
3) LIAISE with the client and principal designer for the duration of the project to ensure that all RISKS are EFFECTIVELY MANAGED.
4) Prepare a WRITTEN CONSTRUCTION PHASE PLAN before the construction phase begins, IMPLEMENT and then regularly REVIEW and REVISE it to make sure it remains fit for purpose.
5) Have ONGOING ARRANGEMENTS IN PLACE for managing health and safety throughout the construction phase.
6) Consult and ENGAGE WITH WORKERS about their health, safety and welfare.
7) Ensure SUITABLE WELFARE FACILITIES are provided from the start and maintained throughout the construction phase.
8) Check that anyone they APPOINT has the skills, knowledge, experience and, where relevant, the organisational capability to carry out their work safely and without risk to health.
9) Ensure all workers have SITE SPECIFIC INDUCTIONS and any further INFORMATION and TRAINING they need.
10) Take steps to PREVENT UNAUTHORISED ACCESS to the site.
11) LIAISE with the principal designer to SHARE any INFORMATION relevant to the planning, management, monitoring and coordination of the pre-construction phase.

60
Q

202 - What is the F10 notification?

A

The FORM which is sent to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) to NOTIFY them of a RELEVANT CONSTRUCTION PROJECT.

61
Q

203 - When is a project notifiable to the HSE under CDM Regulations? (2)

A

A construction project is notifiable if the construction work is expected to;
1) Last longer than 30 WORKING DAYS and have more than 20 WORKERS working at the same time at any point on the project or,
2) Exceed 500 PERSON DAYS.

62
Q

204 - Who issues the F10?

A

This is the client’s responsibility, however the F10 is often delegated to the principal designer of H&S advisor.

63
Q

205 - What is pre-construction information (PCI)? (2)

A

1) Pre-construction information plays a vital role in the TENDER DOCUMENTATION. It enables prospective contractors to be fully AWARE of the projects health and safety and welfare REQUIREMENTS. This will allow prospective contractors to have a LEVEL PLAYING FIELD as far as health and safety is concerned on what to provide in their tender submissions.
2) During its development, the pre-construction information can provide a FOCUS at which health and safety considerations of the designs are BROUGHT TOGETHER under the control of the principal designer.

64
Q

206 - What is included in the pre-construction information document (PCI)? (5)

A

1) Description of works.
2) Client considerations and management requirements.
3) Environmental restrictions and existing site risks.
4) Significant design and constriction hazards.
5) Health and safety file.

65
Q

207 - What is the Health & Safety File? (statement + 4 points)

A

Prepared and ISSUED promptly FOLLOWING COMPLETION of the construction works containing INFORMATION needed during the FUTURE CONSTRUCTION WORK (including cleaning, maintenance, alterations, refurbishment and demolition works). It is essential for those parties involved in carrying out future works to ALERT THEM to any H&S RISKS that should be considered in the planning or carrying out of such works.
1) The principal designer ensures the file is prepared, reviewed, amended as necessary and issued to the client.
2) Clients, designers, contractors - must supply all information that needs to be included in the file.
3) Clients - must ensure H&S file is kept available to parties involved in future construction works at same site.
4) All parties - should ensure information for inclusion in H&S file is accurate, relevant and promptly provided.

66
Q

208 - What should the Health & Safety File include? (5)

A

1) A brief DESCRIPTION OF the WORK carried out.
2) Any HAZARDS associated with the MATERIALS used (e.g. special coatings which should not be burnt off).
3) INFORMATION regarding the REMOVAL or DISMANTLING of installed plant and equipment.
4) Nature, location and markings of SIGNIFICANT SERVICES, including underground cables, gas etc.
5) RESIDUAL HAZARDS and how they have been dealt with (e.g. surveys or other information regarding asbestos, contaminated land etc.).

67
Q

209 - Who should the principal designer pass the Health and Safety File onto when the project reaches completions?

A

The employer and end user.

KEY - AP - APC - PM - Revision (29 decks)

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