#5: Endocrine System & Regulating Blood Sugar

Question 1

Endocrine System

Answer 1

a system of glands that regulates bodily functions via hormones secreted into the bloodstream

slower, longer-acting responses

includes the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, and gonads (ovaries and testes)

Question 2

Hormones

Answer 2

chemical regulators that are made in one part of the body but affect other part(s) of the body

Controls growth, development, reproduction, behaviour, energy metabolism, and water balance
Usually travel in the bloodstream

Question 3

Maintaining Blood Sugar

Answer 3

pancreas and adrenal glands play a role in maintaining the [sugar] in the blood

Question 4

Pancreas

Answer 4

in addition to producing digestive enzymes, the pancreas also produces hormones

hormones produced in specialized cells in the pancreas called the islets of Langerhans (two types: alpha and beta)

Question 5

Alpha cells

Answer 5

produce glucagon

Question 6

Beta cells

Answer 6

produce insulin

Question 7

Glucagon

Answer 7

released by alpha cells when [sugar] in the blood is low

promotes the conversion of glycogen into glucose

Question 8

Insulin

Answer 8

released by beta cells when [sugar] in the blood is high

promotes the intake of glucose by cells and the conversion of glucose into glycogen

Question 9

Adrenal Glands

Answer 9

produce a number of hormones including epinephrine, norepinephrine, and glucocorticoids

Question 10

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Answer 10

increase the [sugar] in the blood by promoting the breakdown of glycogen

Question 11

Glucocorticoids

Answer 11

increase the blood [sugar] by increasing the level of amino acids in the blood

liver can convert these excess amino acids into glucose