5) Economic development: trade, exploration, prosperity and depression Flashcards
what was mixed farming?
involved the growing of crops as well as the raising of animals as livestock.
what was pastoral farming?
farming involving the rearing of animals
what were common rights?
denotes the legal rights of tenants to use common land for example for keeping animals.
what was open field husbandry?
open field system
form of landholding which predominated in most of lowland England
the cloth trade
was responsible for 90% of the value of English exports
estimated 60% increase in the volume of cloth exports during Henry vii’s reign
it was finished cloth that dominated the industry- this led to the development of weaving as well as fulling and dyeing which offered opportunities for rural employment to supplement agrarian incomes
examples of cloth towns
Lavenham in Suffolk
Lewes In Sussex
what was the Hanseatic league
a group of free cities originating in the thirteenth century which came together to form a commercial union with the intention of controlling trade in the Baltic Sea
what were the merchant adventurers?
trading organisation in London which came increasingly to dominate London’s cloth trade with Antwerp
the king increasingly used their expertise in the negotiations of trade treaties such as the intercom magnums and malus
what did Henry VII want to do?
maximise customer revenue-income from crown lands, profits of justice etc
when was the trade embargo placed with the Netherlands?
1493 as a result of the fear brought about by Margaret of Burgundy
what was the treaty of etaples and when was it established?
1492
tried to encourage anglo-french commercials relations
when were the navigation acts passed and what were their objectives?
1485 and 1489
encourage English shipping by trying to ensure that only English ships could carry certain products to and from English ports
wasn’t that successful as foreign vessels continued to transport a substantial proportion of English exports
