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Brett GI Midterm > 5 DSA Organs of The GI Tract > Flashcards

5 DSA Organs of The GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

At what level does the esophagus enter the diaphragm

A

T10

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2
Q

At what level does the esophagus enter the stomach

A

T11 at the cardiac orifice

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3
Q

The upper esophageal sphincter is the

A

Cricopharyngeus m

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4
Q

What are the constrictions of the esophagus

A

Cervical constriction (upper esophageal sphincter)

Thoracic (broncho-aortic constriction)

Diaphragmatic constriction

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5
Q

What is a hiatal hernia

A

When portions of the stomach push through the diaphragm

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6
Q

What are the 2 types of hiatal hernias

A

Para-esophageal and sliding

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7
Q

Which hiatal hernia is characterized by regurgitation

A

Sliding, and this type is more common

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8
Q

During a para-esophageal hiatal hernia, what do we find piercing the diaphram

A

Peritoneum and fundus

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9
Q

During a sliding hiatal hernia, what do we find piercing the diaphragm

A

Esophagus, cardia, fundus

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10
Q

Which hiatal hernia is exacerbated upon bending over or laying down

A

Sliding

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11
Q

what are the portions of the stomach from esophagus to duodenum

A

cardia –> fundus –> body –> pyloric antrum –> pyloric canal –> pylorus –> duodenum

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12
Q

what is touching the anterior portions of the stomach

A 
left lobe of liver (along lesser curvature)
diaphragm (along greater curvature)
anterior wall (along lower greater curvature)
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13
Q

what touches the posterior surface of the stomach

A

diaphragm, spleen, left adrenal gland, left kidney, pancreas, transverse colon, transverse mesocolon, lesser sac

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14
Q

what are the parts of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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15
Q

what are the parts of duodenum

A

1st (superior)
2nd (descending)
3rd (horizontal or inferior)
4th (ascending)

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16
Q

what parts of the duodenum are retroperitoneal? what are the other parts?

A

2-4 are retroperitoneal, 1 is intraperitoneal

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17
Q

when you get posterior duodenal ulcers, what artery can be affected

A

gastroduodenal A is posterior to the first part of the duodenum

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18
Q

where does the bile duct and the mean pancreatic duct meet

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla

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19
Q

where does the bile duct and the pancreatic duct enter the duodena?

A

at the duodenal papilla towards the end of the 2nd portion of the duodenum

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20
Q

where is the 4th part of the duodenum anchored to? by what?

A

right crus of the diaphragm; the suspensory ligament of the duodenum (of Treitz)

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21
Q

tumors in what portion of the pancreas can block the bile duct

A

the head

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22
Q

what portion of the bile duct does not everyone have

A

accessory pancreatic duct

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23
Q

what is nutcracker syndrome

A

a syndrome where the left renal vein can be compressed between the SMA and aorta. this can lead to renal venous hypertension and hematuria

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24
Q

what portion of the SI is characterized with thick and heavy walls

A

jejunum

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25
Q

what portion of the SI has less circular folds

A

ileum

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26
Q

what portion of the SI has more lymph nodes

A

ileum

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27
Q

what level is the R colic flexure

A

L1

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28
Q

what is the most common anomaly of the SI

A

meckels diverticulum

29
Q

what is meckel’s diverticulum

A

it is a remnant of the vitelline duct

30
Q

what does meckel’s diverticulum look like

A

appendicitis

31
Q

what levels does the mesentery occupy

A

L2-5

32
Q

what are the muscles which form haustrae (pockets) in the LI

A

taenia coli

33
Q

what is the L colic flexure also called

A

splenic flexure

34
Q

what are the regions of the colon

A 
cecum (beginning)
appendix
ascending colon
right colic (hepatic) flexure
transverse colon
left colic (splenic) flexure
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum 
anal canal
35
Q

what are epicloicae or omental appendices

A

tags of fat that are characteristic of the LI

36
Q

what portion of the LI has no eplicloic appendages

A

cecum

37
Q

what is the opening of the ileum to the cecum

A

illeal papilla

38
Q

what peritoneal classification are the LI poritons

A

Ascending - 2° retroperitoneal
transverse - intraperitoneal
descending - 2° retroperitoneal
sigmoid - intraperitoneal

39
Q

where is diverticulosis most commonly found

A

sigmoid colon

40
Q

what is volvulus of sigmoid colon

A

twisting of the colon causing constipation, possible fecal compaction, possible ischemia, and possible necrosis

41
Q

what peritoneum status is the rectum

A

retro- and sub-peritoneal

42
Q

is the spleen retro or intraperitoneal

A

intra

43
Q

where is the spleen

A

parallels L ribs 9-11

44
Q

what ligaments are on the spleen

A

gastrosplenic and splenorenal

45
Q

where is the pancreas located

A

L1-2

46
Q

what portions of the pancreas are retroperitoneal

A

head, neck, body, but NOT the tail

47
Q

if there is an accessory pancreatic duct where does it enter

A

superior to the duodenal papilla

48
Q

what ligament splits the liver in 2

A

falciform

49
Q

what are the anatomic lobes of the liver

A

left, right, caudate (superior), quadrate (inferior)

50
Q

what re the functional lobes of the liver

A 
Segment I - caudate lobe
Segment II - left posterior lateral (L)
Segment III - left anterior lateral (L)
Segment IV - left medial segment (L)
Segment V - right anterior medial (R)
Segment VI - right anterior lateral (R)
Segment VII - right posterior lateral (R)
Segment VIII - right posterior medial (R)
51
Q

what line divides the functional left and right liver

A

cantlie

52
Q

what determines the functional liver lobes

A

branching of the portal vein and the hepatic A

53
Q

what portion of the liver has a left functional lobe and right anatomical lobe

A

part 4

54
Q

the round ligament of the liver is a remnant of what

A

L umbilical V

55
Q

what ligaments form the lesser omentum

A

hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments

56
Q

what surface transmits the portal triad

A

porta hepatis (fissure between quadrate and caudate lobes)

57
Q

what is the portal triad made of

A

proper hepatic A
portal V
bile duct

58
Q

what is the ligamentum teres

A

oblirerated umbilical v

59
Q

what is the ligamentum venosum

A

obliterated ductus venosus which used to connect the umbilical vein to the IVC

60
Q

what two things meeting form the common bile duct

A

cytstic duct + common hepatic duct (L + R hepatic ducts)

61
Q

what are the portions the gallbladder

A

fundus (most inferior)
body
neck (where the cystic duct forms)

62
Q

what are gallstones called

A

cholelithiasis (made of cholesterol)

63
Q

where can gallstones become lodged

A

cystic duct (main), hepatic duct, hepatopancreatic ampulla

64
Q

what sign is positive for a blockage of the cystic duct

A

murphys sign

65
Q

where would pain be felt for a cystic duct blockage

A

right ribs, also referred to back and epigastric

66
Q

what can a block of the hepatopancreatic ampulla cause

A

block the bile and pancreatic ducts, bile can backup into pancreas and cause pancreatitis, jaundice

67
Q

where are adhesions between the gallbladder likely to form

A

transverse colon, duodenum, diaphragm

68
Q

when a stone enters the superior duodenum, where is it likely to cause issues

A

ileocecal junction

69
Q

What is annular pancreas

A

Pancreas wraps around the 2nd portion of the duodenum

  • can cause bilous vomiting if below the papilla
  • low birth weight

Brett GI Midterm (11 decks)

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