5. Classification of Eukaryotes Flashcards
How many main phyla of plants are there?
4
How does one distinguish between the 4 main phyla of plants?
by studying their external structure
- roots, stems and leaves
- reproductive structures
What are the 4 main phyla of plants?
- Bryophytes (mosses)
- Filicinophytes (ferns)
- Coniferophytes (conifers)
- Angiospermophytes (flowering plants)
Give the characteristic features of the external structure of Bryophytes.
roots, stems and leaves:
- structures similar to root hairs called rhizoids but no roots
- mosses have simple leaves and stems; liveworts have a flattened thallus
- no vascular tissue
reproductive structures:
- spores are produced in a capsule
- capsule develops at the end of a stalk
Give the characteristic features of the external structure of Filicinphytes.
roots, stems and leaves:
- roots, leaves and short non-woody stems
- leaves curled up in bud and often divided into pairs of leaflets (pinnate)
- vascular tissue is present
reproductive structures:
- spores produced in sporangia, usually on the underside of leaves
Give the characteristic features of the external structure of Coniferophytes.
roots, stems and leaves:
- shrubs or trees with roots, leaves and woody stems
- leaves often narrow with a thick waxy cuticle
- vascular tissue is present
reproductive structures:
- seeds, develop on ovules on the surface of the scales of female cones
- male cones produce pollen
Give the characteristic features of the external structure of Angiospermaophytes.
roots, stems and leaves:
- very variable, usually have roots, leaves and stems
- stems of shrubs and trees are woody
- vascular tissue is present
reproductive structures:
- seeds, develop from ovules inside ovaries in flowers
- fruits develop from the ovaries to disperse the seeds
How many phyla of animals are there?
30+
Name the 7 large phyla that you need to know recognition features for? (pics p69)
- Porifera
- Cnidaria
- Platyhelminths
- Annelida
- Arthropoda
- Mollusca
- Chordata
Give 4 recognition features of Porifera and an example organism.
(you don’t have to know the example it just helps remember the features)
- no clear symmetry
- attached to a surface
- pores through body
- no mouth or anus
sponge
Give 4 recognition features of Cnidaria and an example organism.
(you don’t have to know the example it just helps remember the features)
- radially symmetric
- tentacles
- stinging cells
- mouth but no anus
jellyfish
Give 4 recognition features of Platyhelminths and an example organism.
(you don’t have to know the example it just helps remember the features)
- bilaterally symmetric
- flat bodies
- unsegmented
- mouth but no anus
flatworm
Give 4 recognition features of Annelida and an example organism.
(you don’t have to know the example it just helps remember the features)
- bilaterally symmetric
- bristles often present
- segmented
- mouth and anus
earthworm
Give 4 recognition features of Arthropoda and an example organism.
(you don’t have to know the example it just helps remember the features)
- bilaterally symmetric
- exoskeleton
- segmented
- jointed appendages
scorpion
Give 4 recognition features of Mollusca and an example organism.
(you don’t have to know the example it just helps remember the features)
- muscular foot and mantle
- shell usually present
- segmentation not visible
- mouth and anus
snail
Give 4 recognition features of Chordata and an example organism.
(you don’t have to know the example it just helps remember the features)
- notochord
- dorsal nerve cord
- pharyngeal gill
- post-anal tail
tiger shark
What do almost all chordates have?
a backbone consisting of vertebrae
How can almost all vertebrate possessing chordata be described? What is the exception?
- as tetrapods with pentadactyl limbs, though in some species the limbs have become modified or lost through evolution
- fish ( they don’t have the above)
Name the 5 major classes of vertebrate.
- Bony ray-finned fish
- Amphibians
- Reptiles
- Birds
- Mammals
Give 5 recognition features of Bony ray-finned fish.
- scales grow from the skin
- gills with a single gill slit
- fins supported by rays
- swim bladder for bouyancy
- external fertilization
Give 5 recognition features of Amphibians.
- soft moist permeable skin
- lungs with small internal folds
- external fertilization in water
- protective gel around eggs
- larval stage lives in water
Give 5 recognition features of Reptiles.
- dry scaly impermeable skin
- lungs with extensive folding
- internal fertilization
- soft shells around eggs
- one type of teeth
Give 5 recognition features of Birds.
- feathers growing from skin
- lungs with parabronchial tubes
- wings instead of front legs
- hard shells around the eggs
- beak but no teeth
Give 5 recognition features of Mammals.
- hairs growing from the skin
- lungs with alveoli
- give birth to live young
- mammary glands secrete milk
- teeth of different types
