5. Chronic renal failure Flashcards
1
Q
How common is it?
A
Uk prevalence is 8.5%
2
Q
Who does it affect?
A
F>M
Increasing age
3
Q
What causes it?
A
HTN Diabetes Hypercholesterolaemia Kidney infection Glomerulonephritis Ureter blockage Long term nephrotoxic drug use
4
Q
What risk factors are there?
A
Ethnicity (South Asian, Afro-Caribbean)
Underlying CVD
5
Q
How does it present?
A
Fatigue Peripheral oedema SOB Nausea Haematuria
6
Q
What signs may the patient have on examination?
A
Pallor Cachexia / malnutrition Hypovolaemia Tachypnoea Hepatomegaly Palpable bladder
7
Q
What other conditions might present similarly?
A
Renal artery stenosis
Cushing’s
AKI
UTI
8
Q
How would you investigate?
A
FBC, U+Es etc
eGFR
Urine sample for albumin:creatinine ratio
Urinalysis
9
Q
What treatments are there?
A
Treat any reversible cause
Stop nephrotoxic drugs
Monitor eGFR and ACR
10
Q
What complications are there?
A
Cardiovascular disease
Renal anaemia
Malnutrition
End-stage renal disease
