2. Pyelonephritis Flashcards
1
Q
How common is it?
A
Less common than cystitis
2
Q
Who does it affect?
A
Most common in young women, infants and elderly
3
Q
What causes it?
A
Cystitis spreading to kidneys
Common causative organisms = E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus mirablis
4
Q
What risk factors are there?
A
Female Sex, spermicide use Dehydration Catheters Recent UTI Diabetes
5
Q
How does it present?
A
Symptoms of lower UTI
Loin / abdo pain / tenderness
fever
N, V+D
6
Q
What signs may the patient have on examination?
A
Rigors, pyrexia
Tachycardia
Tachypnoea
Decreased skin turgor
7
Q
What other conditions might present similarly?
A
Acute prostatitis Acute abdominal infection Gynaecological conditions Musculoskeletal disorders eg spondyloarthritis Pelvic inflammatory disease Lower UTI Pelvic pain syndrome
8
Q
How would you investigate?
A
MSU / CSU culture
Urinalysis
9
Q
What treatments are there?
A
Fluids
Analgesics
Anti-microbrials eg Co-amoxiclav, cefalexin, trimethoprim, cipro
10
Q
What complications are there?
A
Sepsis Renal scarring Recurrent UTIs Renal abscess Pre-term labour in pregnancy
