Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CHM1022 > 5. Carbohydrates > Flashcards

5. Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

What is an acetal?

A

a molecule containing two -OR or -OAr groups bonded to the same carbon atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is alditol?

A

the product formed when the C=O group of a monosaccharide is reduced to a CHOH group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an aldose?

A

a monosaccharide containing an aldehyde group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an amylopectin?

A

a highly branched polymer of D-glucose. Chains of D-glucose are joined by α-1,4’ -glycoside bonds and branches are created by α-1,6’ -glycoside bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an amylose?

A

is composed of continuous, unbranched chains of D-glucose units joined by α-1,4’ -glycoside bonds. It is water soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an anomer?

A

monosaccharides that differ in configuration only at their anomeric carbon atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an anomeric carbon?

A

The hemiacetal carbon atom of the cyclic form of a monosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a carbohydrate?

A

polyhydroxyaldehydes, polyhydroxyketones or substances that give either of these compounds after hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is cellulose?

A

a linear polymer of D-glucose units joined by β-1,4’ -glycoside bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a chair conformation?

A

the most stable puckered conformation of a cyclohexane ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a D-monosaccharide?

A

a monosaccharide that, when written as a Fischer projection has the -OH on its penultimate carbon atom to the right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain two monosaccharide residues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a Fischer projection?

A

two-dimensional representations that show the configuration of a stereocentre; horizontal lines represent bond projecting forward from the stereocentre, vertical lines represent bonds projecting to the rear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a furanose?

A

a five-membered cyclic hemiacetal form of a monosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is glycogen?

A

the reserve carbohydrate for animals. Glycogen is a non-linear polymer of D-glucose unit joined by α-1,4’ -and α-1,6’ -glycoside bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a glycoside?

A

a carbohydrate in which the -OH on its anomeric carbon atom is replaced by -OR

17
Q

What is a glycosidic bond?

A

the bond from the anomeric carbon atom of a glycoside to an -OR group

18
Q

What is a Haworth projection?

A

a way of viewing furanose and pyranose forms of monosaccharides. The ring is drawn flat and viewed through its edge, with the anomeric carbon atom on the right and the oxygen atom of the ring at the rear to the right

19
Q

What is a hemiacetal?

A

a molecule containing an -OH and an -OR or -OAr group bonded to the same carbon atom

20
Q

What is invertase?

A

an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of sucrose

21
Q

What is a ketose?

A

monosaccharides containing a ketone group

22
Q

What is a L-monosaccharide?

A

a monosaccharide that, when written as a Fischer projection, has the -OH on its penultimate carbon to the left

23
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

carbohydrates that cannot be hydrolysed to simpler compounds

24
Q

What is mutarotation?

A

the change in optical activity that occurs when an α or β form of a carbohydrate is converted to an equilibrium mixture of the two forms

25
Q

What is an oligosaccharide?

A

carbohydrate containing 4 to 10 monosaccharide units joined by glycosidic bonds

26
Q

What is a penultimate carbon?

A

the stereocentre of a monosaccharide furthest from the carbonyl group; for example, C(5) of glucose

27
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

carbohydrates containing a large number of monosaccharide units joined together by one or more glycosidic bonds

28
Q

What is a pyranose?

A

a six-membered cyclic hemiacetal form of a monosaccharide

29
Q

What is a reducing sugar?

A

a carbohydrate that reacts with an oxidising agent to form an aldonic acid

30
Q

What naming convention is used to identify enantiomers?

A

D,L convention

31
Q

What is the open form of a sugar called?

A

Hemiacetal

32
Q

What infix is used to denote a six-membered ring?

A

-pyran-

33
Q

What infix is used to denote a five-membered ring?

A

-furan-

34
Q

True or False: a beta anomer is trans

A

False - a beta anomer is cis, an alpha anomer is trans

35
Q

True or False: Haworth projections can be used to represent five-membered rings

A

True - They are pretty close to planar

36
Q

When the carbonyl group of a monsaccharide is reduced what product is formed?

A

Alditol

37
Q

When the carbonyl group of a monsaccharide is oxidised what product is formed?

A

Aldonic acid

38
Q

What type of bonds are glycogen subunits connect by?

A

α-1,4’ -and α-1,6’ (branch) -glycoside bonds

39
Q

What type of bonds are cellulse subunits connected by?

A

β-1,4’ -glycoside bonds

CHM1022 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions