10. Isomerism and Crystal Field Theory Flashcards
What dose ambidentate mean?
describes ligands with two more different potential donor atoms
What is a cis isomer?
a stereoisomer in which two groups lie on the same side of a reference plane
What is a cis-trans isomer?
Stereocenters that differ in the positioning of two groups with respect to a reference plane
What are coordination isomers?
isomers that result when ligands are exchanged between a complex cation and a complex anion of the same coordination compound, e.g. [Co(NH3)6][Cr(CN)6] and [Cr(NH3)6][Co(CN)6]
What is crystal field theory?
a theory that considers the effects of the polarities or the charges of the ligands in a complex ion on the energies of the d orbitals in an octahedral or tetrahedral complex ion
What is crystal field splitting energy?
the difference in energy between two sets of d orbitals in an octahedral or tetrahedral complex ion
What does degenerate mean?
describes orbitals with the same energy
What is disproportionation?
an electrochemical process in whch a species is simultaneously oxidised and reduced to form two different products
What does fac stand for?
Facial
What is a facial isomer?
an isomer of an octahedral complex [ML3X3]+n in which the two sets of ligands occupy the face of an octahedron
What is high-spin?
describes a complex ion or coordination complex with the maximum number of unpaired electrons
What is a hydrate isomer?
isomers of complex ions in which water is either coordinated to the transition metal or acts as water of crystallisation
What does inert mean?
used to describe a substance that is no chemically reactive
What is an ionisation isomer?
isomers in which a coordinated ligand is exchanged with a counterion, e.g. [Co(NH3)5Br]SO4 and [Co(NH3)5SO4]Br
What is a linkage isomer?
isomers that result from the different ways in which an ambidentate ligand can bind to a metal ion
What is low-spin?
describes a complex ion or coordination compound with the minimum number of unpaired electrons
What does mer stand for?
Meridional
What is a meridional isomer?
an isomer of an octahedral complex [ML3X3]+n in which the donor atoms of each set of identical ligands are coplanar
What is pairing energy?
the energy required to force two electrons to become paired and occupy the same orbital
What is a stereoisomer?
isomers with the same molecular formula and the same connectivity but different orientations of their atoms in space
What is a structural isomer?
isomers with the same molecular formula, but different orders of attachments of the constituent atoms
What is a trans isomer?
a stereoisomer that contains two groups that project on opposite sides of a reference plane
