5: Arthropoda part 2 Flashcards
arthropoda subphylum:
- dominant aquatic
- only arthropod w 2 pairs of antennae
- most have cephalothorax + abdomen
- have mandibles as mouthparts
- exoskeleton reinforced w calcium carbonate
crustacea
the closest related subphylum to insects and other hexapods together form this clade
pancrustacea
- plate that covers cephalothorax
- in some groups covers entire body
- many crustaceans have this
carapace
crustaceans have ___ appendages or 2 branches
biramous
balance organ found in the antennae
statocyst
compound eyes made up of many of this
ommatidia
most diverse crustacean class
malacostraca
malacostraca order:
- only fully terrestrial
- dorsoventrally flattened
- no carapace
- many can roll into ball
Isopoda
malacostraca order:
- lack carapace
- laterally compressed
- typically marine w some beach dwelling, freshwater, parasitic species
Amphipoda
malacostraca order:
- only 90 species but are important as planktonic organisms
- most bioluminescent
- major part of diets of many fish, baleen whales
euphausiacea (krill)
malacostraca order:
- crabs, lobsters, crayfish, “true” shrimp
- 5 pairs of walking legs
- economically important
decapoda
crabs distinguished by 2 things
- broad cephalothorax
- reduced abdomen
the crab body plan evolved multiple times out this “true crabs”
brachyura
the process of non-crab crustaceans independently evolving crab-like forms
carcinization
arthropoda subphylum:
- most numerous
- 6 walking uniramous legs
- 3 tagmata: head, thorax. abdomen
hexapoda
class in hexapoda: bases of the mouthparts enclosed within the head capsule
class entognatha
class in hexapoda:
- largest group of animals
- found in almost every habitat
- only invertebrates capable of flight
- usually 2 pairs attached to thorax
class insecta
hindwings true flies have modified that aid in balance during flight
halteres
study of insects
entomology
simple light-detecting organs
ocelli
butterflies and moths have a coiled ____ for feeding on nectar
proboscis
mouthpart usually tube-like and are adapted for piercing tissue
sucking mouthparts
mouthpart adapted for seizing and crushing food
chewing mouthparts/mandibles
house flies have these mouthparts w a large pair of lobes for consuming liquid food
sponging
insects breathe w a tracheal system composed of these tubes and external opening
spiracles
composed of thousands of clusters of photoreceptor cells
compound eye
development from larvae to adults has distinct stages; not exclusive to insects
metamorphosis
type of metamorphosis:
- gradual
- incomplete metamorphosis
- larval stage= nymph
- wings dev externally over successive molts
hemimetabolous
type of metamorphosis:
- complete metamorphosis
- 3 distinct stages
- 88% of insects undergo this
holometabolous
holometabolous stage:
- growth
- wormlike in shape
- usually have chewing mouthparts
larva
holometabolous stage:
- differentiation
- transitional stage
- nonfeeding stage; usually inactive
- the insect is enveloped in a case
pupa
holometabolous stage:
- reproduction
- winged stage
- adults do not undergo further molting
adult
these insects have complex social structures regulated by chemical and tactile communication; seen in honey bees, ants, termites
eusocial
eusocial insects are differentiated by this
castes
honey bee caste:
sexually mature female; only one per hive
queen
honey bee caste:
sexually mature males; a few hundred per hive
drones
honey bee caste:
sexually inactive females; make up most of the colony
workers
insect subclass; ancestrally wingless (only one order)
apterygota
insect subclass; ancestrally winged
pterygota
order that is largest animal order w close to 400,000 described species (beetles)
coleoptera
3 bioindicators in aquatic environments
mayflies, stoneflies, caddisflies
uses insect succession in dead bodies to estimate time of death
forensic entomology
mosquito causing malaria
Anopheles
mosquito causing dengue
Aedes aegypti
