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Basic Concepts > 5 Adaptive Immunity and Autoimmunity > Flashcards

5 Adaptive Immunity and Autoimmunity Flashcards

1
Q

TCRs vs BCRs: Recognize peptide fragments bound to MHC molecules

A

TCRs

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2
Q

TCRs vs BCRs: Recognize intact proteins, carbohydrates, or other macromolecules

A

BCRs

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3
Q

Elimination of T cells or B cells with antigen receptors that recognize self during development

A

Central tolerance, (thymus or bone marrow)

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4
Q

Inhibition of mature lymphocyte function

A

Peripheral tolerance

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5
Q

Central vs peripheral tolerance: Induction of anergy

A

Peripheral

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6
Q

Central vs peripheral tolerance: Deletion of autoreactive cells

A

Peripheral

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7
Q

Central vs peripheral tolerance: Development of antigen-specific regulatory T and B cells

A

Peripheral

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8
Q

FOXP3+ T cell subset

A

Regulatory T cell

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9
Q

T cell subset function: B cell activation

A

CD4+ helper T cell

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10
Q

T cell subset function: Macrophage activation

A

CD4+ helper T cell

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11
Q

T cell subset function: Killing of cells infected with intracellular microbes

A

CD8+ cytotoxic T cell

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12
Q

T cell subset function: Killing of tumor cells

A

CD8+ cytotoxic T cell

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13
Q

T cell subset function: Suppress function of other T cells

A

Treg

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14
Q

T cell subset function: Maintenance of self-tolerance

A

Treg

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15
Q

T cell subset function: Helper and cytotoxic functions in the gut

A

MAIT cells

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16
Q

T cell subset phenotype: CD3+, CD4+, CD25+, FOXP3+

A

Treg

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17
Q

T cell subset phenotype: CD56+, CD16+, CD3+

A

NK cell

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18
Q

T cell subset phenotype: CD3+, CD8 ( majority

A

MAIT cells

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19
Q

Effector T cells

A

CD4+ and CD8+ T cells

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20
Q

Treg cells directly derived from the thymus

A

Natural Treg cells

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21
Q

Treg cells induced in the periphery

A

Adaptive Treg cells

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22
Q

Mutations in FOXP3 leads to this syndrome, a fatal autoimmune disease with onset early in life

A

IPEX syndrome

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23
Q

T/F Quantitative deficiency of Treg cells is seen in most autoimmune diseases

A

F

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24
Q

Signal 1 for T cell activation

A

TCR recognition of peptide/MHC complex on APC

25
Q

Signal 2 for T cell activation

A

Costimulatory signals via cell surface molecules

26
Q

Signal 3 for T cell activation

A

Soluble factors along the T cell: APC immune synapse

27
Q

Site where naïve T cells are primarily activated

A

Peripheral/secondary lymphoid tissues

28
Q

Costimulatory receptor CD28 binds with costimulatory molecules ___ expressed on dendritic cell surface

A

1) B7-1 (CD80)
2) B7-2 (CD86)

29
Q

T/F Effector and memory T cells do not need much costimulation for activation

A

T

30
Q

Treg cells depend on ___-mediated costimulation for their generation and maintenance

A

CD28

31
Q

3 major subsets of CD4+ effector cells and the 4th subset

A

Th1, Th2, Th17; 4th subset T follicular helper cells

32
Q

Signature cytokines of CD4+ T effector subsets

A

Th1: IFN-γ
Th2: IL-4,5,13
Th17: GM-CSF

33
Q

CD4+ T effector subset that expresses high levels of ligands for E-selectin and P-selectin

A

Th1

34
Q

CD4+ T effector subset that expresses CCR3, CCR4 and CCR8, which recognize chemokines that are highly expressed at sites of helminthic infection or allergic reactions, particularly in mucosal tissues

A

Th2

35
Q

CD4+ T effector subset that expresses CCR6 which binds the chemokine CCL20 in certain viral and fungal infections

A

Th17

36
Q

Th1 differentiation is driven mainly by ___ produced primarily by dendritic cells and macrophages in the lymphoid organ where the response is initiated

A

IL-12 and IFN-γ

37
Q

Inhibits development of Th2 and Th17, thus reinforcing Th1 polarization

A

IFN-γ

38
Q

The primary cytokine that initiates Th2 development

A

IL-4

39
Q

IL produced by both mast cells and Th2 cells that functions as both an inducer and an effector cytokine of the Th2 cell subset

A

IL-4

40
Q

Stimulates B cells to produce IgE, which are involved in many Th2-mediated defense reactions and allregic responses

A

IL-4

41
Q

Promotes the development of proinflammatory Th17 cells when other mediators of inflammation like IL-6 or IL-1, are present

A

TGF-β

42
Q

Th17 development is stimulated by

A

IL-6, IL-1, IL-23

43
Q

Th17 differentiation is inhibited by ___ therefore strong Th1 and Th2 responses tend to suppress Th17 development

A

IFN-γ and IL-4

44
Q

T cell subset especially abundant in mucosal tissues, particularly of the GIT

A

Th17

45
Q

T cell subsets that appear to contribute to detrimental immune responses in JIA and RA and other autoimmune diseases, including IBD, psoriasis, and multiple sclerosis

A

Treg and Th17

46
Q

B cell undergoes central tolerance by one of 3 processes

A

1) Receptor editing
2) Clonal anergy
3) Clonal deletion

47
Q

In which immature B cells that react with self-antigens with low to high avidity undergo secondary rearrangement at the Igχ allele

A

Receptor editing

48
Q

In which immature B cells that react with low-avidity self antigen can migrate into the spleen as anergic B cells

A

Clonal anergy

49
Q

Occurs for those cells that fail receptor editing

A

Clonal deletion (slow rate)

50
Q

Signals that induce antigen production by B cells

A

CD4+ T-cell/B-cell interaction:
1) TCR-MHCII
2) CD154-CD40
3) ICOS-ICOSL
4) CD28/CTLA-4-CD80/CD86

51
Q

Primary sites of antibody diversification and maturation

A

Germinal centers

52
Q

Histologically, mature germinal centers consist of a dark zone containing (1 )___ and a light zone containing (2) ___

A

(1) Densely packed proliferating B cells (centroblasts)
(2) FDCs, Tfh cells, macrophages, and nonproliferating B cells known as centrocytes

53
Q

Antibody class: Activates phagocytosis and neutralizes antigen

A

IgG

54
Q

Antibody class: Usually found on B cell surface; activation is an important B cell survival signal

A

IgD

55
Q

Antibody class: Destroys parasitic worms

A

IgE

56
Q

Antibody class: Contributes to allergic diseases

A

IgE

57
Q

Antibody class: First Ab produced during an immune response

A

IgM

58
Q

Antibody class: Protects mucosal surfaces

A

IgA

59
Q

Breg cells are identified by their production of ___

A

IL-10

Basic Concepts (9 decks)

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