5:2&3: The second wave - cognitive therapy & CBT Flashcards
What is Albert Ellis’ therapy called?
Rational therapy.
Rational emotive therapy.
Rational emotive behavior therapy.
Who was the first to publish, teach and apply a version of cognitive therapy?
Albert Ellis, 1957.
List two core premises that underpin Ellis’ and Beck’s models:
- Emotional state is not a direct consequence of our situation but is mediated by our thoughts.
- Those thoughts are often illogical or irrational.
True or false: The BDI tells whether a person meets clinical criteria for a diagnosis of depressive disorder.
False. It tells the total level of depression-related symptoms and various cut-off scores are suggested to group people into minimal, mild, moderate or severe depression.
Our thoughts and interpretations of events contribute to schema, which can often cause biases in:
Perceptions
Memory
Appraisals
Schemas increase the chance of negative thoughts and appraisals and can lead to cognitive distortions.
Which cognitive distortion categorizes outcomes and interpretations as either good or bad, positive or negative, with no shades of gray.
Black and white
Splitting
Dichotomous reasoning
All or nothing
Sets a perfectionist up for failure.
Which cognitive distortion is also called selective abstraction, in which one pays more attention to events that support their views.
Mental filtering.
Eg. notices failures, ignores successes.
Filtering often goes hand in hand with the cognitive distortion Magnification & Minimization, which can lead to another cognitive distortion called:
Disqualifying the positive.
A bias in which a person assumes responsibility for events even when they cannot control them is called:
Personalizing
When someone draws a hasty conclusion from partial information:
Overgeneralization.
Can use “always” or “never” – similar to all or nothing.
The schema in depression is sometimes referred to as a:
Depressogenic trait
CBT is a practical approach that helps the client develop a range of new thinking and behavioral skills.
What is an exception to this during the CBT treatment?
Understanding and modifying the schema / the core beliefs that shape the client’s thinking and behavior.
List the three elements of CBT’s scientific approach:
- Individual conceptualization is a best guess (hypothesis), based on the available evidence.
- Look for evidence that the model is accurate or not.
- Client is encouraged to test accuracy of perceptions and expectations.
Three CBT methods of identifying or challenging cognitive distortions include:
- Socratic dialogue.
- Measurement and recording.
- Homework.
Avoidance can reinforce maladaptive behavior and negative emotions. In the context of CBT, it prevents the gathering of information that challenges clients beliefs and expectations. What two proactive CBT techniques are useful for this?
Surveys and behavioral experiments.
Helps the client gather new evidence.
Is useful when the client is avoiding various situations that might provide the evidence because they are afraid of what might happen or they are predicting a negative outcome.
