5 Flashcards
When was homosexuality first listed as a disorder in the DSM?
In 1952, it was labeled a sociopathic personality disturbance (DSM-I).
What replaced “homosexuality” in DSM-III-R?
“Sexual disorder not otherwise specified.”
What is Gender Dysphoria in DSM-5-TR?
Distress from mismatch between experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender.
What are the four categories of sexual dysfunctions?
Desire, Arousal, Orgasm, Pain.
What is Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder?
Difficulty or pain during vaginal penetration, fear of pain, and pelvic muscle tensing.
What makes a paraphilia a disorder?
If it causes distress/impairment or involves harm/risk to others.
Name two paraphilic disorders involving nonconsensual acts.
Voyeuristic Disorder and Frotteuristic Disorder.
What is the key feature of Sexual Masochism Disorder?
Arousal from being humiliated, beaten, or made to suffer.
How long must symptoms persist for Gender Dysphoria diagnosis?
At least 6 months
What distinguishes children’s vs. adults’ criteria in Gender Dysphoria?
Children need 6+ specific signs; adults/adolescents need 2+.
What’s the current best practice for treating children with Gender Dysphoria?
Accept their stated identity without pushing them toward any one gender; focus on comorbidities if present.
What is a notable comorbidity in people with Gender Dysphoria?
High rates of anxiety, depression, and autism.
Why do therapists ask about sleep early on?
Sleep problems can be both a symptom and a cause of mental health issues.
What are the main types of sleep disorders?
- Timing/amount, 2. Breathing-related, 3. Parasomnias
What are the key features of Insomnia Disorder?
Difficulty initiating/maintaining sleep or early awakening, 3+ nights/week for 3+ months.
What is Hypersomnolence Disorder?
Excessive daytime sleepiness despite sleeping 7+ hours.
What are core symptoms of Narcolepsy?
Irresistible sleep episodes + cataplexy, hypocretin deficiency, or abnormal REM onset.
What is cataplexy?
Sudden muscle tone loss, often triggered by strong emotion.
What are hypnagogic hallucinations?
Vivid sensory experiences as one falls asleep.
What characterizes NREM Sleep Arousal Disorders?
Incomplete awakening with sleepwalking or sleep terrors; no memory of the event.
Who most commonly experiences NREM disorders?
Children — especially sleepwalking; violent episodes more common in adult men.
What is Nightmare Disorder?
Repeated vivid, dysphoric dreams that cause significant distress.
What types of treatment help with sleep disorders?
Medical (e.g., melatonin, stimulants), environmental (e.g., light control), and psychological (e.g., CBT, mindfulness).
What are examples of psychological sleep interventions?
Cognitive therapy, mindfulness, progressive muscle relaxation, psychoeducation on sleep hygiene.
