4 Flashcards
What does ADHD stand for?
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
What are the two core symptom domains of ADHD?
Inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.
At what age must symptoms be present for an ADHD diagnosis?
Before age 12.
How many symptoms must be present and for how long for ADHD diagnosis?
6+ symptoms for at least 6 months in either domain.
What is masking in ADHD/autism?
Attempting to hide neurodivergent traits to appear neurotypical; often exhausting and harmful.
ADHD is related to what neurotransmitter?
Dopamine.
What’s a common treatment for ADHD?
Stimulant medication.
What are some non-medication supports for ADHD?
Behavioural strategies, social skills training, academic support.
What are the two main criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder?
(1) Deficits in social communication and interaction and (2) restricted/repetitive behaviors.
How many social communication symptoms are required for ASD diagnosis?
All 3 listed symptoms must be present.
What is the DSM specifier system for autism severity?
Level 1 (requiring support), Level 2 (substantial support), Level 3 (very substantial support).
What percentage of autistic individuals have intellectual disability?
About 30%.
What’s a controversial autism intervention and why?
ABA (Applied Behaviour Analysis); some autistic adults say it teaches masking and causes trauma.
What defines a Specific Learning Disorder?
Difficulty learning/using academic skills, not due to intellectual disability or lack of instruction.
What are the 3 main types of SLDs?
Reading (dyslexia), writing (dysgraphia), math (dyscalculia).
What is the estimated rate of SLDs in Canadian youth?
8.4% (higher in males).
What are common causes of learning disorders?
Genetic, brain structure differences, SES, and quality of support.
What are common interventions for SLDs?
Specialized instruction, testing accommodations, school-home collaboration.
What are the three DSM-5 criteria for ID?
(1) Low intellectual functioning, (2) low adaptive functioning, (3) onset during development.
What percentage of the population has ID?
About 1–3%.
What are the levels of ID based on IQ?
Mild (50–70), Moderate (35–55), Severe (20–40), Profound (<20–25).
Can individuals with mild ID live independently?
Often yes, with minimal support.
What are some known causes of ID?
Genetic (e.g., Down syndrome), prenatal exposure, perinatal trauma, postnatal injury, environmental factors.
What supports are available for ID in Ontario?
ODSP income and health benefits, special college programs, adaptive skills training.
