4.what books and burrials tells us Flashcards
the only source of knowlege of cultural condition of vedic age
vedas
What is the primary theme of the Rigveda?
Praise of deities, rituals, and nature worship (e.g., Agni, Indra, and Varuna).
What is the literal meaning of Rigveda?
Rig (ऋग्): Means hymn or praise.
Veda (वेद): Means knowledge or wisdom
Knowledge of Hymns” or “Wisdom of Verses.”
no of vedas
Rigveda – The oldest Veda, focusing on hymns and praises dedicated to various deities.
Samaveda – Contains melodies and chants derived from the Rigveda for ritual purposes.
Yajurveda – Focuses on the formulas and instructions for performing rituals and sacrifices.
Atharvaveda – Includes hymns, spells, and incantations for everyday life and spiritual well-being.
What is Mandala in Rigveda?
A: A chapter or book; the Rigveda is divided into 10 Mandalas.
Which rivers are mentioned in the Rigveda?
: Saraswati and Sindhu (Indus) rivers.
division of rigveda
10 mandal
1028 hymes [suktas]
10462 verses rucha
Which Veda is primarily associated with the Hotra?
rigveda
hotra
His primary duty was to recite hymns (Riks) from the Rigveda to invoke deities and make offerings.
how old rigveda is
3500 ago
1500 bc
Who is the most frequently mentioned god in the Rigveda?
Answer: Indra.
Which deity in the Rigveda is considered the upholder of Rta (cosmic order)?
Answer: Varuna.
Who is considered the goddess of dawn in the Rigveda?
Answer: Ushas.
What is Soma in the Rigveda?
Answer: A sacred drink personified as a deity.
Which Rigvedic god is invoked as the intermediary between humans and gods?
agni
Who is the guardian of waters in the Rigveda?
Answer: Varuna.
What is the role of the Maruts in Rigvedic hymns?
Answer: They are storm gods and companions of Indra.
Indra
Agni
Varuna
Soma
Ushas
Indra God of rain and war
Agni Fire god and yajna mediator
Varuna Upholder of cosmic order (Rta)
Soma Sacred drink and inspiration
Ushas Goddess of dawn
Which language family does Sanskrit belong to?
Indo-European
language family
Assamese:
Tamil:
Khasi:
Manipuri:
Assamese: Indo-European
Tamil: Dravidian
Khasi: Austro-Asiatic
Manipuri: Tibeto-Burman
Which rivers are personified as goddesses in a Rigvedic hymn involving Sage Vishvamitra?
(a) Ganga and Yamuna
(b) Saraswati and Yamuna
(c) Beas and Sutlej
(d) Indus and Ravi
Answer: (c) Beas and Sutlej
Which rivers are named only once in the Rigveda?
Ganga and Yamuna.
What were the primary reasons for battles in the Rigvedic period?
(a) Capture of land and water
(b) Control of cattle and horses
(c) To capture people and wealth
(d) All of the above
(d) All of the above
In the Rigveda, most wealth from war was used for:
b) Performance of yajnas (sacrifices)
What was the primary mode of warfare in the Rigvedic period?
(a) Use of advanced weapons
(b) Chariot warfare
(c) Guerrilla tactics
(d) Naval warfare
(b) Chariot warfare
What was the central economic activity of Rigvedic society as mentioned in the hymns?
(b) Agriculture and animal husbandry
Which of the following was not a reason for warfare in the Rigvedic period?
(a) To capture cattle
(b) To conquer territory for pasture and crops
(c) To establish trade routes
(d) To acquire water
c) To establish trade routes
What were the main reasons for battles in Rigvedic society?
To capture cattle, land, water, and people.
What was the role of rajas in the Rigveda?
They were leaders, but lacked capital cities, palaces, and armies.
How did rajas in the Rigveda differ from later rajas?
They did not have capital cities, palaces, or armies.
What was the primary role of Brahmins in Rigvedic society?
To perform rituals and sacrifices.
Which of the following words used in the Rigveda refers to a community or people?
Jana
Name some of the ‘vish’ or ‘jana’ mentioned in the Rigveda.
Back: Some of the ‘vish’ or ‘jana’ mentioned are the Puru jana, Bharata jana, and Yadu jana.
In the Rigveda, who were referred to as ‘Aryas’?
The people who composed the hymns and performed sacrifices
In the Rigveda, the term ‘Dasas’ or ‘Dasyus’ was used to describe which of the following?
The enemies of the Aryas who did not perform sacrifices and spoke different languages
Who were primarily considered slaves according to the Rigveda?
Women and men captured in war
What is the primary purpose of megaliths in ancient India?
To mark burial sites
When did the practice of erecting megaliths begin in India?
3000 years ago
In which regions of India were megaliths predominantly found?
A) Only in the Deccan
B) Only in South India
C) In the Deccan, South India, North-east, and Kashmir
D) In the Himalayas and Western India
C) In the Deccan, South India, North-east, and Kashmir
What does the term ‘megalith’ literally mean?
Big stones
What is a common feature found in megalithic burials?
Black and Red Ware pots
What type of tools are commonly found in megalithic burials?
iron
What s found with in some megalithic burials?
Horse skeletons and equipment
What does the difference in burial objects at Brahmagiri suggest?
A difference in social status
At Brahmagiri, what was a significant difference found in the burials?
Some graves had many items, while others had only a few pots
Where is the Inamgaon archaeological site located?
Near the Bhima river
What was unique about the burial of one man at Inamgaon?
He was buried in a clay jar in the courtyard of a large house
What was placed with the dead in Inamgaon burials?
Vessels that probably contained food and water
How were the adults generally buried in Inamgaon?
Lying straight with the head towards the north
What field of study is Charaka associated with?
Medicine
Which of the following grains were found at Inamgaon?
A) Wheat, Barley, Rice, Millets
B) Wheat, Oats, Rye, Corn
C) Rice, Corn, Barley, Sorghum
D) Barley, Oats, Rice, Buckwheat
D) Barley, Oats, Rice, Buckwheat
Which of the following animals were found at Inamgaon based on archaeological evidence?
A) Elephant, Rhinoceros, Tiger, Camel
B) Cattle, Buffalo, Goat, Horse
C) Lion, Tiger, Bear, Leopard
D) Dog, Crocodile, Elephant, Pig
B) Cattle, Buffalo, Goat, Horse
What does the presence of cut marks on animal bones at Inamgaon indicate?
A) They were used for making tools
B) They were used as food
C) They were used in religious ceremonies
D) They were kept as pets
B) They were used as food
Which of the following fruits were collected at Inamgaon?
Ber, Amla, Jamun, Dates
