10

Question 1

Question 1:
The iron pillar at Mehrauli, Delhi, is considered remarkable because:

It was constructed during the Mauryan period.
It contains an inscription mentioning the ruler Ashoka.
It demonstrates the advanced metallurgical skills of ancient Indian craftspersons.
It has completely rusted over time due to environmental conditions.
Answer:
3. It demonstrates the advanced metallurgical skills of ancient Indian craftspersons.

Answer 1

Explanation:
The iron pillar, created about 1500 years ago, is notable for its resistance to rust, showcasing the sophisticated metallurgy of the Gupta period. It mentions a ruler named Chandra, likely from the Gupta dynasty, not Ashoka.

Question 2

Question 3:
What is the approximate height and weight of the iron pillar at Mehrauli?

8.5 meters tall and 4 tonnes
7.2 meters tall and 3 tonnes
6 meters tall and 2.5 tonnes
10 meters tall and 5 tonnes

Answer 2

Answer:
2. 7.2 meters tall and 3 tonnes

Explanation:
The iron pillar stands at 7.2 meters and weighs over 3 tonnes, signifying the engineering marvel of the Gupta period.

Question 2

Question 2:
Which ruler is believed to be referred to in the inscription on the iron pillar at Mehrauli?

1 Samudragupta
2 Chandragupta I
3 Chandragupta II
4 Kumaragupta

Answer 2

Answer:
3. Chandragupta II

Explanation:
The inscription on the iron pillar mentions a ruler named Chandra, which historians commonly associate with Chandragupta II, a prominent ruler of the Gupta dynasty.

Question 3

Question 4:
The rust-resistant property of the iron pillar at Mehrauli demonstrates ancient Indian expertise in which field?

1 Sculpture and art
2 Advanced metallurgy
3 Religious architecture
4 Astronomy

Answer 3

2. Advanced metallurgy

Explanation:
The iron pillar’s resistance to rust over centuries highlights the advanced metallurgical techniques used by ancient Indian craftspersons, particularly in the Gupta era.

Question 3

Question 2:
Which of the following statements about stupas is incorrect?

Stupas were constructed with a dome-like structure.
The pradakshina patha around the stupa is meant for devotional circumambulation.
Railings and gateways of stupas were devoid of decorations.
Stupas often contained relic caskets at their core.

Answer 3

Answer:
3. Railings and gateways of stupas were devoid of decorations.

Explanation:
The railings and gateways of stupas were often intricately decorated with sculptures, showcasing the artistic skills of ancient craftsmen.

Question 3

What is the primary historical significance of the iron pillar at Mehrauli?

1 It marks the site of a major Gupta victory.
2 It showcases India’s early iron technology and its resistance to corrosion.
3 It was erected by Ashoka to spread Dhamma.
4 It commemorates the Gupta dynasty’s expansion into southern India.

Answer 3

Answer:
2. It showcases India’s early iron technology and its resistance to corrosion.

Explanation:
The iron pillar serves as a testimony to the advanced ironworking techniques of ancient India and is associated with the Gupta ruler Chandragupta II. It has remained rust-free for centuries.

Question 4

What is the primary purpose of the relic casket found at the center of a stupa?

To store the ashes of Hindu deities.
To hold the remains or belongings of the Buddha or his followers.
To serve as a treasury for storing coins and precious stones.
To mark the foundation of the stupa.

Answer 4

Answer:
2. To hold the remains or belongings of the Buddha or his followers.

Explanation:
The relic casket, located at the core of a stupa, often contains bodily remains, items used by the Buddha or his followers, or precious objects, symbolizing the sanctity of the structure.

Question 5

Which of the following features is not common to stupas?

Pradakshina patha for circumambulation.
Relic casket containing sacred remains.
Hollow structures resembling caves.
Dome-like shape made of mud bricks or stone slabs.
Answer:
.

Answer 5

3. Hollow structures resembling caves.

Explanation:
Stupas were solid dome-like structures with relics at their core. Hollow structures resembling caves were separate architectural achievements, often carved out of rock

Question 6

Which architectural style is associated with artificial caves hollowed out of rocks, elaborately decorated with sculptures and paintings?

Dravidian architecture
Cave architecture
Nagara architecture
Vesara architecture

Answer 6

Answer:
2. Cave architecture

Explanation:
Artificial caves carved into rocks, featuring decorative sculptures and paintings, were a hallmark of ancient Indian architecture, especially in places like Ajanta and Ellora.

Question 7

The Amaravati Stupa, known for its exquisite stone carvings, was built during which period?

Mauryan Period
Satavahana Period
Gupta Period
Chola Period

Answer 7

Answer:
2. Satavahana Period

Explanation:
The Amaravati Stupa in Andhra Pradesh was constructed during the Satavahana Period, around 200 BCE to 300 CE, showcasing intricate carvings and Buddhist influences.

Question 7

The pradakshina patha found in stupas was used for:

Placing offerings.
Resting pilgrims.
Circumambulation in a clockwise direction as a mark of devotion.
Decorating the stupa with carvings and paintings.

Answer 7

Answer:
3. Circumambulation in a clockwise direction as a mark of devotion.

Explanation:
The pradakshina patha is a pathway around the stupa that devotees walk on in a clockwise direction to express their devotion.

Question 8

Question 5:
Which statement is incorrect regarding ancient rock-cut caves in India?

They were used as monasteries and shrines by Buddhist monks.
Examples of such caves include Ajanta, Ellora, and Barabar caves.
Most rock-cut caves were constructed during the Gupta period.
Many caves were adorned with sculptures and paintings of religious themes.

Answer 8

Answer:
3. Most rock-cut caves were constructed during the Gupta period.

Explanation:
While some rock-cut caves were developed during the Gupta period, many, like the Ajanta caves, date back to the 2nd century BCE (Mauryan period) and flourished during subsequent periods, including the Satavahanas and Vakatakas.

Question 8

Question 3:
Which of the following stupas is incorrectly matched with its location?

Sanchi Stupa - Madhya Pradesh
Amaravati Stupa - Andhra Pradesh
Bharhut Stupa - Maharashtra
Nagarjunakonda Stupa - Andhra Pradesh

Answer 8

Answer:
3. Bharhut Stupa - Maharashtra

Explanation:
The Bharhut Stupa is located in Madhya Pradesh, not Maharashtra. It is another prominent ancient stupa known for its early artistic reliefs.

Question 9

The Sanchi Stupa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was originally commissioned by:

Chandragupta Maurya
Samudragupta
Emperor Ashoka
Harsha

Answer 9

Answer:
3. Emperor Ashoka

Explanation:
The Sanchi Stupa was commissioned by Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE as part of his efforts to promote Buddhism

Question 10

Which rock-cut cave complex is associated with both Buddhist and Hindu sculptures?

Ajanta Caves
Ellora Caves
Elephanta Caves
Badami Caves

Answer 10

Answer:
2. Ellora Caves

Explanation:
The Ellora Caves house sculptures and carvings associated with Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism, reflecting India’s religious diversity.

Question 11

Question 9:
Which of the following is a distinct feature of ancient Indian stupas?

Constructed primarily for Hindu rituals.
Typically had a square base with a stepped pyramid design.
Served as a commemorative monument housing Buddhist relics.
Contained frescoes depicting the life of Mahavira.

Answer 11

Answer:
3. Served as a commemorative monument housing Buddhist relics.

Explanation:
Stupas are associated with Buddhism, serving as monuments that enshrined relics of the Buddha or his followers.

Question 12

Consider the following statements regarding early Hindu temples:

The garbhagriha was the most important part of the temple where the image of the deity was placed.
The shikhara was a distinctive feature added on top of the mandapa to signify the sacredness of the temple.
The earliest temples, such as at Bhitargaon, were made of baked bricks and stone.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 12

Answer: (b) 1 and 3 only
Explanation: The shikhara was built on top of the garbhagriha, not the mandapa. The garbhagriha was the sanctum sanctorum where the deity’s image was kept. Temples like Bhitargaon were indeed made of baked bricks and stone.

Question 13

Which of the following temples or architectural features is correctly matched with its description?

1 Bhitargaon Temple - Early brick temple built around 1500 years ago.
2 Mahabalipuram Monolithic Temples - Structures carved from a single stone.
3 Aihole Durga Temple - Dedicated to the deity Durga as its primary focus.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 13

Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only
Explanation: The Durga temple at Aihole is named after Durga (meaning “fort”) and not specifically dedicated to the deity Durga.

Question 14

With reference to temple architecture in early India, which of the following features was/were unique to Hindu temples?

Garbhagriha
Shikhara
Mandapa
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 14

Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3
Explanation: The garbhagriha, shikhara, and mandapa were integral to early Hindu temple architecture, signifying the sanctum, sacred tower, and assembly hall, respectively.

Question 15

Which of the following towns is correctly matched with its significance in temple architecture?

(a) Bhitargaon - Famous for monolithic temples.
(b) Aihole - Renowned for early stone temples like the Durga temple.
(c) Mahabalipuram - Known for early Buddhist stupas.
(d) Amaravati - Famous for early Hindu rock-cut caves.

Answer 15

Answer: (b) Aihole - Renowned for early stone temples like the Durga temple.
Explanation: Bhitargaon is known for its brick temples, Mahabalipuram for monolithic Hindu temples, and Amaravati for Buddhist stupas, not Hindu temples.

Question 16

Consider the following statements about the construction of stupas and temples in ancient India:

1 Only kings and queens sponsored the construction of stupas and temples.

2 High-quality stone was quarried, transported, and precisely shaped for these structures.
3 Donations for decorations were made by various sections of society, including artisans and farmers.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only
Explanation: While kings and queens initiated the construction, ordinary people, including merchants and artisans, also contributed through donations for decoration.

Answer 16

Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only
Explanation: While kings and queens initiated the construction, ordinary people, including merchants and artisans, also contributed through donations for decoration.

Question 17

Which of the following groups were known to contribute to the decoration of stupas and temples in ancient India?

1 Merchants and ivory workers
2 Farmers and perfumers
3 Smiths and garland makers
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 17

Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3
Explanation: Contributions for decorating stupas and temples came from a diverse range of people, including merchants, ivory workers, farmers, perfumers, smiths, and garland makers.

Question 18

With reference to ancient Indian architecture, which of the following statements is correct?

(a) The positioning of stone panels in stupas and temples required no specific planning.
(b) Decorations of stupas and temples were primarily funded by taxes imposed on the public.
(c) Inscriptions on pillars and walls of stupas provide evidence of contributions made by common people.
(d) Craftspersons building these structures worked voluntarily without any monetary compensation.

Answer 18

Answer: (c) Inscriptions on pillars and walls of stupas provide evidence of contributions made by common people.
Explanation: Many stupas and temples feature inscriptions that record the names of individuals and guilds that donated for their decoration.

Question 19

Match the following contributors with their roles in decorating stupas or temples in ancient India:
Contributor Contribution
1. Association of ivory workers (a) Donated a gateway at Sanchi
2. Farmers (b) Provided labor for construction
3. Merchants (c) Donated for sculptures and railings

Answer 19

Answer: (a) 1-(a), 2-(b), 3-(c)
Explanation: The association of ivory workers is specifically noted for their contribution to a gateway at Sanchi, while farmers and merchants supported through labor and donations.

Question 20

Which of the following statements correctly describes the features of Jaina monasteries in ancient India?

1 Jaina monasteries were often carved out of rock surfaces.
2 These structures primarily served as places for meditation and living for Jaina monks.
3 They commonly featured intricate sculptures and multi-storeyed designs.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 20

Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3
Explanation: Jaina monasteries were often rock-cut, designed for meditation and living, and included intricate carvings and multi-level structures, as seen in examples from Orissa.

Question 21

What is a significant architectural difference between Jaina monasteries and stupas in ancient India?

(a) Jaina monasteries were carved from single pieces of stone, while stupas were built layer by layer.
(b) Jaina monasteries were meant for collective worship, while stupas were primarily residential.
(c) Jaina monasteries lacked decorative carvings, whereas stupas were heavily ornamented.
(d) Jaina monasteries were always located on plains, while stupas were built on elevated sites.

Answer 21

Answer: (a) Jaina monasteries were carved from single pieces of stone, while stupas were built layer by layer.
Explanation: Jaina monasteries were rock-cut structures carved out of a single stone, whereas stupas were built by stacking bricks or stones layer by layer.

Question 22

With reference to the rock-cut Jaina monasteries in Orissa, which of the following is correct?

(a) They were always single-storey structures with simple designs.
(b) They featured elaborate entrances leading to meditation chambers.
(c) They were primarily constructed during the Gupta period.
(d) They were intended for public gatherings and large-scale religious ceremonies.

Answer 22

Answer: (b) They featured elaborate entrances leading to meditation chambers.
Explanation: Jaina monasteries often included intricate entrances to rooms used for meditation and residence by monks.

Question 23

Which of the following reflects the primary purpose of rock-cut architecture in Jaina monasteries?

(a) To display the wealth and power of Jaina kings.
(b) To provide a peaceful environment for meditation and ascetic living.
(c) To create spaces for large public congregations.
(d) To serve as repositories for Jaina manuscripts and relics.

Answer 23

Answer: (b) To provide a peaceful environment for meditation and ascetic living.
Explanation: Jaina monasteries were designed for monks to live and meditate in isolation, reflecting their ascetic practices.

Question 24

The Jaina monastery from Orissa, as described, showcases which of the following architectural features?

Multi-storey design carved into rock surfaces.
Individual rooms for living and meditation.
Decorative sculptures depicting Jaina teachings.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 24

Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3
Explanation: The Jaina monastery from Orissa had multiple storeys, rooms for monks, and was often adorned with sculptures, reflecting the spiritual and functional aspects of Jaina architecture.

Question 25

Which of the following is correct about the paintings at Ajanta caves?

1 They were created in Buddhist monasteries.
2 The colors used were derived from natural sources like plants and minerals.
3 The artists who painted them were highly celebrated during their time.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 25

Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only
Explanation: While the paintings were created in Buddhist monasteries and used natural pigments, the identities of the artists remain unknown and uncelebrated.

Question 26

What makes the Ajanta cave paintings unique in Indian art history?

(a) They were painted on the walls of stupas.
(b) They depict only Buddhist deities and monks.
(c) They were created using natural pigments under torchlight.
(d) They are carved into granite hills, which are difficult to paint on.

Answer 26

Answer: (c) They were created using natural pigments under torchlight.
Explanation: Ajanta paintings are remarkable for their vivid colors derived from plants and minerals and were painted inside dark caves under torchlight.

Question 27

Which of the following statements is correct about the Ajanta paintings?

(a) They depict scenes primarily from the life of Mahavira.
(b) They are an example of the Gupta period’s artistic achievements.
(c) They were entirely painted using synthetic colors.
(d) They were discovered and documented during Ashoka’s reign.

Answer 27

Answer: (b) They are an example of the Gupta period’s artistic achievements.
Explanation: The Ajanta paintings are largely from the Gupta period and illustrate religious themes, including Jataka tales and Buddhist imagery.

Question 28

railings of the stupas is called

Answer 28

vedhika

Question 28

UPSC-Style Questions on The World of Books Passage:
1. Consider the following statements regarding Tamil epics:

The Silappadikaram was composed around 1400 years ago.
Manimekalai narrates the story of the daughter of Kovalan and Madhavi.
Both epics were rediscovered in the last 100 years.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 28

Answer: (b)
Explanation:

Silappadikaram was composed around 1800 years ago, not 1400 years ago.
Manimekalai does narrate the story of Kovalan and Madhavi’s daughter.
Both epics were rediscovered approximately a century ago.

Question 29

2. With reference to Silappadikaram, consider the following events in chronological order:

Kovalan and Kannagi leave Puhar for Madurai.
Kovalan falls in love with Madhavi.
Kannagi destroys Madurai out of anger and grief.
Kovalan is accused of theft and sentenced to death.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events?

(a) 2-1-4-3
(b) 1-2-4-3
(c) 2-4-1-3
(d) 4-2-1-3

Answer 29

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
The correct sequence of events is:

Kovalan falls in love with Madhavi.
Kovalan and Kannagi leave Puhar for Madurai.
Kovalan is accused of theft and sentenced to death.
Kannagi destroys Madurai.

Question 30

Consider the following pairs regarding epics and their authors:

Epic Author Period of Composition
Silappadikaram Sattanar 1800 years ago
Manimekalai Ilango 1400 years ago
Abhijnanashakuntalam Kalidasa About 1600 years ago
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 3 only
(d) None

Answer 30

Answer: (c)
Explanation:

Silappadikaram was composed by Ilango, not Sattanar.
Manimekalai was composed by Sattanar, not Ilango.
Abhijnanashakuntalam was composed by Kalidasa around 1600 years ago

Question 31

4. Which of the following best describes epics like Silappadikaram and Manimekalai?

(a) Religious texts emphasizing rituals and temple worship.
(b) Grand compositions about heroic individuals and gods.
(c) Historical accounts documenting the lives of kings and rulers.
(d) Scientific treatises focused on medicine and astronomy.

Answer 31

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Epics like Silappadikaram and Manimekalai are grand compositions that narrate stories of heroic men and women, often involving gods and moral themes.

Question 32

5. What is the primary theme of Manimekalai as compared to Silappadikaram?

(a) Focus on religious teachings and moral values.
(b) Highlighting historical events of the Sangam period.
(c) Romantic tales centered around royal families.
(d) Conflict between rulers and merchants.

Answer 32

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Manimekalai, while continuing the story from Silappadikaram, focuses more on religious and moral teachings, contrasting with Silappadikaram’s tale of love and justice.

Question 32

1. With reference to Kalidasa’s Meghaduta, consider the following statements:

1 It is a Sanskrit poem.
2 The poem uses a monsoon cloud as a messenger.
3 It is primarily written in the form of prose, not verse.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 32

Answer: (a)
Explanation:

Meghaduta is written in Sanskrit.
It employs a monsoon cloud as a messenger between separated lovers.
It is a poem, composed in verse, not prose

Question 32

Which of the following themes is central to Kalidasa’s Meghaduta?

(a) Heroic exploits of gods and kings.
(b) The journey of a messenger through natural landscapes.
(c) Philosophical discourses on life and death.
(d) Social and political commentary on ancient kingdoms.

Answer 32

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
The central theme of Meghaduta revolves around a cloud carrying a message of love, as it traverses diverse and vivid landscapes, showcasing Kalidasa’s poetic mastery in depicting nature.

Question 33

. Kalidasa’s Meghaduta belongs to which historical period in Indian literary history?

(a) Vedic Age
(b) Mauryan Age
(c) Gupta Age
(d) Early Medieval Period

Answer 33

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Kalidasa is believed to have lived during the Gupta Age, often referred to as the “Golden Age” of Indian culture and literature.

Question 34

UPSC-Style Questions on Puranas, Mahabharata, and Ramayana
1. With reference to the Puranas, consider the following statements:

1 They were written exclusively in classical Sanskrit, making them inaccessible to the general public.
2 The Puranas include stories about deities as well as details on worship practices.
3 They also narrate accounts of the creation of the world and ancient kings.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 34

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
The Puranas were written in simple Sanskrit verse and intended to be accessible to all. They include stories of deities, worship practices, creation accounts, and narratives about kings.

Question 35

2. The Mahabharata and Ramayana were written down in their current forms approximately how many years ago?

(a) 2000 years ago
(b) 1500 years ago
(c) 1000 years ago
(d) 500 years ago

Answer 35

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Both epics, while based on older oral traditions, were compiled in the forms we know today around 1500 years ago.

Question 36

Which of the following correctly describes the Bhagavad Gita?

(a) A text associated with Jain philosophy.
(b) A part of the Ramayana, focusing on dharma.
(c) A philosophical dialogue embedded in the Mahabharata.
(d) A supplementary text to the Puranas.

Answer 36

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
The Bhagavad Gita is a philosophical dialogue between Krishna and Arjuna, contained within the Mahabharata.

Question 36

Consider the following pairs regarding ancient Indian texts and their authors:

Text Author
1. Mahabharata Vyasa
2. Ramayana Valmiki
3. Puranas Bhasa
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 36

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
The Mahabharata and Puranas are traditionally attributed to Vyasa, while the Ramayana is attributed to Valmiki. Bhasa is not associated with the Puranas.

Question 37

1. With reference to the Jataka Tales, consider the following statements:

They are stories associated with the previous lives of the Buddha.
The tales were originally composed in Sanskrit and later translated into Pali.
Scenes from the Jatakas were depicted on the railings of stupas.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 37

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
The Jataka Tales are associated with the previous lives of Buddha and were primarily written in Pali, not Sanskrit. Their depictions can be found on the railings of stupas and in paintings.

Question 37

Which of the following elements is not commonly found in the Puranas?

(a) Stories about the creation of the world.
(b) Guidelines for performing sacrifices.
(c) Stories about heroic kings and queens.
(d) Narratives about the lives of common people.

Answer 37

Answer: (d)
Explanation:
The Puranas focus on stories of deities, kings, and rituals but do not provide detailed narratives about the lives of common people.

Question 37

With reference to the Ramayana, consider the following statements:

1 Rama, the protagonist, was a prince of the Kosala kingdom.
2 The capital of Kosala, Ayodhya, is associated with the events of the epic.
3 Ravana, the antagonist, was the king of Magadha.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 37

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Ravana, the antagonist in the Ramayana, was the king of Lanka, not Magadha.

Question 37

The story of Kannagi, who destroyed the city of Madurai in grief and anger, is found in which Tamil epic?

(a) Manimekalai
(b) Silappadikaram
(c) Tolkappiyam
(d) Naladiyar

Answer 37

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
The Silappadikaram, written by Ilango, narrates the story of Kannagi, Kovalan, and the destruction of Madurai.

Question 38

2. The Panchatantra is a well-known collection of stories written around the same time as the Jataka Tales. What is its primary theme?

(a) Stories of divine intervention and miracles.
(b) Fables emphasizing morality, practical wisdom, and strategies for rulers.
(c) Detailed accounts of the lives of saints and sages.
(d) Mythological narratives about the creation of the universe.

Answer 38

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
The Panchatantra is a collection of fables focused on practical wisdom and moral lessons, often targeting rulers and their conduct.

Question 39

3. Consider the following pairs regarding ancient Indian literature and their content:

Text Content
1. Jataka Tales Previous lives of the Buddha
2. Panchatantra Fables of animal characters
3. Ajivika Tales Stories from the
Mahabharata
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 39

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Jataka Tales deal with the Buddha’s previous lives, and the Panchatantra is a collection of animal-based fables. There is no text called Ajivika Tales.

Question 40

4. The depiction of Jataka Tales in stupas served which of the following purposes?

1 Educating the common people about Buddhist teachings.
2 Demonstrating the artistic skills of craftspeople.
3 Recording historical events related to the Mauryan empire.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 40

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
The Jataka Tales were depicted to spread Buddhist teachings and demonstrate the artistic excellence of that period. They were not intended to record historical events.

Question 41

Stories from the Jataka Tales are prominently found depicted at which of the following sites?

Ajanta
Amaravati
Sanchi
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 41

Answer: (d)
Explanation:
The Jataka Tales have been found depicted in paintings at Ajanta and on the railings of stupas at Amaravati and Sanchi.

Question 42

1. Aryabhata, one of the most renowned mathematicians and astronomers of ancient India, made which of the following contributions?

1 He explained that the rotation of the Earth causes day and night.
2 He provided a scientific explanation for solar and lunar eclipses.
3 He accurately calculated the value of π (pi).
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 42

Answer: (d)
Explanation:
Aryabhata, in his work Aryabhatiyam, explained the Earth’s rotation, provided a scientific explanation for eclipses, and calculated the value of π (pi) with remarkable accuracy.

Question 42

The Panchatantra stories were composed by:

(a) Kalidasa
(b) Vishnu Sharma
(c) Chanakya
(d) Bhasa

Answer 42

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
The Panchatantra is attributed to Vishnu Sharma and was composed to impart wisdom to young princes.

Question 43

Which of the following texts was authored by Aryabhata?

(a) Brahmasphutasiddhanta
(b) Aryabhatiyam
(c) Siddhanta Shiromani
(d) Panchasiddhantika

Answer 43

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Aryabhata authored Aryabhatiyam, which contained significant contributions to mathematics and astronomy. The Brahmasphutasiddhanta was authored by Brahmagupta, and Siddhanta Shiromani by Bhaskaracharya.

Question 44

Consider the following pairs regarding ancient Indian mathematicians and their contributions:

Mathematician Contribution
1. Aryabhata Explained Earth’s rotation causing day and night
2. Brahmagupta Developed rules for zero as a number
3. Bhaskaracharya Calculated the time taken for the Earth to orbit the Sun
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 44

Answer: (d)
Explanation:
Aryabhata explained the Earth’s rotation, Brahmagupta formalized the use of zero, and Bhaskaracharya calculated the orbital time of the Earth with high accuracy.

Question 45

Which of the following statements is correct about the contributions of Varahamihira?

(a) He was primarily known for his literary works in Sanskrit and not for scientific contributions.
(b) He wrote the Brihat Samhita, which deals with astrology, astronomy, and weather prediction.
(c) He focused only on mathematical theories and did not contribute to astronomy.
(d) He provided the first explanation for the phenomenon of eclipses.

Answer 45

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Varahamihira authored the Brihat Samhita, which is an encyclopedic work covering astrology, astronomy, and weather prediction.

Question 46

Consider the following statements about Brahmagupta:

1 He was the first to describe zero as a number and its mathematical operations.
2 He calculated the circumference of the Earth.
3 He introduced the concept of negative numbers in mathematics.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 46

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Brahmagupta was the first to formalize the concept of zero as a number and introduced negative numbers in mathematics. The calculation of the Earth’s circumference was a contribution of Aryabhata.

Question 47

Which of the following ancient Indian mathematicians described the concept of Earth’s axial rotation for the first time?

(a) Aryabhata
(b) Brahmagupta
(c) Bhaskaracharya
(d) Varahamihira

Answer 47

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Aryabhata was the first to state that the Earth’s rotation on its axis causes day and night, a groundbreaking idea for his time.

Question 48

. Arrange the following ancient Indian scholars in chronological order based on their period of contributions:

1 Aryabhata
2 Brahmagupta
3 Varahamihira
4 Bhaskaracharya
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1, 3, 2, 4
(b) 3, 1, 2, 4
(c) 1, 2, 3, 4
(d) 2, 1, 3, 4

Answer 48

Answer: (a) ABVB
Explanation:
Aryabhata (5th century CE), Varahamihira (6th century CE), Brahmagupta (7th century CE), and Bhaskaracharya (12th century CE) contributed sequentially in this order.

Question 49

1. Which of the following statements regarding the invention of zero is correct?

1 Indian mathematicians invented a symbol to represent zero.
2 The concept of zero was immediately adopted by the Europeans.
3 The Roman numeral system lacked a symbol for zero.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 49

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Indian mathematicians invented zero, but it was first adapted by the Arabs and later spread to Europe. The Roman numeral system lacked zero entirely.

Question 50

2. The numeral system with a symbol for zero, developed by ancient Indian mathematicians, is known as:

(a) Binary numeral system
(b) Decimal numeral system
(c) Roman numeral system
(d) Babylonian numeral system

Answer 50

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
The decimal numeral system, which includes the use of zero, was developed in India and later spread globally.

Question 51

Consider the following features of numeral systems:

Use of positional notation
Absence of a symbol for zero
Originated in ancient India
Which of the above features characterize the Roman numeral system?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 51

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
The Roman numeral system lacked a symbol for zero and did not use positional notation. It did not originate in India.

Question 52

Why was the invention of zero considered revolutionary in mathematics?

1 It enabled the development of positional notation.
2 It facilitated complex calculations and algorithms.
3 t led directly to the creation of the Roman numeral system.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 52

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Zero’s invention was pivotal for positional notation and advancing calculations. It had no connection to the Roman numeral system, which lacked a symbol for zero.

Question 53

1. Which of the following statements about Ayurveda in ancient India is correct?

1 Charaka is credited with the Charaka Samhita, a treatise on medicine.
2 Sushruta described detailed surgical techniques in the Sushruta Samhita.
3 Ayurveda originated during the Gupta Empire period.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 53

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Charaka and Sushruta significantly contributed to Ayurveda. However, Ayurveda predates the Gupta Empire and has roots in earlier Vedic traditions

Question 54

The Sushruta Samhita is most renowned for its contribution to which field of medical science?

(a) Pharmacology
(b) Surgery
(c) Preventive Medicine
(d) Psychiatry

Answer 54

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
The Sushruta Samhita extensively documents surgical techniques, including procedures like rhinoplasty, cataract surgery, and orthopedic surgeries.

Question 55

Charaka, a practitioner of Ayurveda, emphasized which of the following in his medical practices?

1 Balance between the three doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha).
2 Importance of mental and physical health.
3 Exclusive reliance on surgical methods for treatment.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 55

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Charaka focused on holistic treatment, emphasizing dosha balance and overall health. He did not focus on surgery, which was Sushruta’s domain.

Question 56

Text Focus Area
1. Charaka Samhita (a) Medicine and internal health
2. Sushruta Samhita (b) Surgery and anatomy
3. Atharvaveda (c) Early references to Ayurveda
Select the correct code:

(a) 1-a, 2-b, 3-c
(b) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c
(c) 1-a, 2-c, 3-b
(d) 1-c, 2-b, 3-a

Answer 56

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
The Charaka Samhita deals with internal medicine, the Sushruta Samhita focuses on surgery, and the Atharvaveda provides the earliest mentions of Ayurvedic concepts.