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UCSP > 4THQ MASTERY TEST 2 > Flashcards

4THQ MASTERY TEST 2 Flashcards

1
Q

is the arrangement or classification of something into different groups

A

stratification

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2
Q

systematic categorization of individuals and institutions in society based on their roles or functions and statuses

A

social stratification

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3
Q

each is accorded with specific tasks or role to play in society

A

social stratification

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4
Q

categorization of social stratification can be based on:

A

family relations, occupational status, class structures, status of wealth and prestige

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5
Q

systematic categorization of individuals and institutions in society based on power relations and status of power in the state

A

political stratification

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6
Q

political functions are delegated based on the hierarchy of power

A

political stratification

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7
Q

inequality among people are anchored on the presence of

A

social desirables

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8
Q

resources can be

A

intangible and tangible

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9
Q

refers to the presence, absence or scarcity of the social desirables

A

availability

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10
Q

refers to the actual ways and means of availing the resources

A

accessibility

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11
Q

the — they are, the more difficult is the access to them

A

scarcer

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12
Q

three important social desirables

A

money, power, prestige

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13
Q

social standing reflects a person’s worth and their access to social, political, symbolic capital, in other words, their

A

class status

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14
Q

possession of them defines the social standing of individuals relative to others

A

money, power, prestige

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15
Q

father of communism

A

karl marx

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16
Q

looks at social class in terms of wealth produced in relation to ownership of the means of production

A

karl marx

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17
Q

what theory did karl marx make

A

conflict theory

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18
Q

the idea that modern society has only three classes of people: the bourgeoisie who are owners of the means of production for profit(factories, businesses, and equipment), landowners whose income is rent and the proletariats, the workers who own their labor and sell it for a wage

A

conflict theory

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19
Q

german sociologist, historian, economist

A

max weber

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20
Q

formulated a three-component “theory on

stratification “

A

max weber

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21
Q

that class position was determined by a person’s skills and education, rather than by their relationship to the means of production

A

theory on stratification

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22
Q

said that certain tasks in society are more valuable

than others

A

max weber

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23
Q

presented three dimensions of stratification: wealth

(economic & social), power (political) and prestige

A

max weber

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24
Q

in the form of material assets and income

A

economic capital

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25
Q

in the form of educational qualifications and status

A

cultural capital

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26
Q

in the form of networks of contacts and social associations

A

social capital

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27
Q

social knowledge & connections that enable people to accomplish their goals and extend their influence

A

social capital

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28
Q

what is the glaring issue of social class

A

how to move outside the confines of the conditions of their birth

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29
Q

a russian-born american sociologist and political activist

A

pitirim sorokin

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30
Q

proposed the concept of social mobility in his book “social & cultural mobility”

A

pitirim sorokin

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31
Q

believes that there is no society that is completely

closed

A

“social & cultural mobility”

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32
Q

speed of social mobility might fluctuate through out
the time period because it relies on the way
civilization is developed

A

“social & cultural mobility”

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33
Q

refers to the capacity of individuals or groups in the social stratification system to shift position

A

social mobility

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34
Q

it is the movement of individuals, families, household or other categories of grouping people people within or between layers or tiers in an open system of social
stratification

A

social mobility

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35
Q

the ease or difficulty an individual or a group experiences in moving from social position to another is highly dependent on

A

the type of society they live in

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36
Q

social mobility may also include variations across
groups like classes, cultural groupings or nations in
terms of characteristics like:

A
  • health conditions
  • literacy rates
  • education, etc
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37
Q

two types of society

A

open and closed

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38
Q

when stratification is based on social class where people’s social position or status are determined by economic wealth and income

A

open society

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39
Q

mobility is facilitated based on personal efforts and

individual achievements

A

open society

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40
Q

ex: educational achievement plays a vital role in social mobility

A

open society

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41
Q

the advantage of an — vis-a vis social mobility is the freedom to move from the bottom to the top of a social ladder

A

open society

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42
Q

when changes or shifts in social positions or social mobility are limited & in some societies, are even prohibited

A

closed society

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43
Q

example of closed society

A

the caste (system of india)

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44
Q

6 types of social mobility

A

vertical, horizontal, upward, downward, intergenerational, intra-generational

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45
Q

refers to a shift in a person’s standing, leading to a change in society

A

vertical mobility

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46
Q

movement may go upward or downward

A

vertical mobility

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47
Q

example of upward and downward movement in vertical mobility

A

upward - job promotion

downward - laid off

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48
Q

no movement or change in this type according to sorokin

A

horizontal movement

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49
Q

a person quits his job but his social position

remains intact

A

horizontal movement

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50
Q

a doctor shifts to teaching in a medical school and his

occupation shifted but his social position is the same

A

horizontal movement

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51
Q

is the increase in one’s social class; shift from lower to higher status

A

upward mobility

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52
Q

famous novelist stephen king worked as a janitor

oprah winfrey grew up in poverty

A

upward mobility

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53
Q

is the decrease in one’s social class due to reasons like setbacks, unemployment, disease, war/conflict, famine, etc

A

downward mobility

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54
Q

happens when the social position changes from one generation to the next or the other (in cases of intermarriages)

A

intergenerational mobility

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55
Q 
parents who belong to the upper class may have
parents that belong to the middle or lower class
A

intergenerational mobility

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56
Q

refers to the ability of an individual or family to move up and down a ladder during his or her lifetime

A

intra-generational mobility

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57
Q

any concrete or symbolic item that can be used as

an object of exchange among people

A

social resources or capital

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58
Q

in the form of material assets and income

A

economic capital

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59
Q

forms of social resources or capital

A

economic, cultural, social

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60
Q

are non economic resources that enables social mobility with the aim of gaining honor prestige, power or recognition

A

cultural capital

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61
Q

involves the potential of individuals to secure benefits
and invent solutions to problems through membership in social networks (networks of contacts and social
associations)

A

social capital

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62
Q

social knowledge & connections that enable people to

accomplish their goals and extend their influence

A

social capital

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63
Q

examples of social capital

A

-a neighborhood builds a community garden together
shared tools
-door to door volunteers explain a candidate’s
platform
-a group of friends discussing the may, 2022 elections
-telling the neighborhood about a delicious new pizza
place

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64
Q

examples of cultural capital

A

knowledge and skills, educational attainment, job or political position

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65
Q

examples of economic capital

A

house, car, land, goods, business enterprise

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66
Q

an ideal attribute in a civilized society

A

social equality

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67
Q

refers to the unequal access to social, cultural and economic resources in a society

A

social inequality

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68
Q

In Philippine society, basic services and wealth — trickle down from top to bottom because they
have no representation in the political arena and
cannot assert their identity in the mainstream. Sadly,
they are often used for political ends

A

DO NOT

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69
Q

other sources of inequality

A

gender, sex, disabilities

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70
Q

sources of inequality

A

socio-cultural orientation like stereotyping, labelling, prejudice, etc

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71
Q

ways inequality can be addressed

A

through policy legislation and implementation

by promoting cultural transformation

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72
Q

laws to promote rights of women and LGBTQ, cultural minorities, PWDs and provision and access if basic services to the poor and marginalized

A

policy legislation

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73
Q

endeavoring to transform the way society looks at women, the poor and marginalized, cultural minorities, LGBTQs and PWDs

A

promoting cultural transformation

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74
Q

how can we promote cultural transformation

A

educate the public

responsible advertising

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75
Q

inequality does not exist in societies alone but also among states

A

global inequality

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76
Q

wealthier nations are more influential in the global community therefore, the exercise their power and influence over poorer nations

A

global inequality

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77
Q

the process of interaction and integration among people, companies and governments worldwide

A

globalization

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78
Q

people and goods move easily across borders

A

globalization

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79
Q

in the philippines, globalization started during the period of

A

COLONIZATION

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80
Q

other ways to look at

A
  1. The strength of a state along side another in terms
    of :
    -strategic importance (location in the global Map)
    -development assistance in the form of grants and
    loans
    EX. USAID, Government loans, infrastructure
    development by foreign entities, scholarships and
    exchange programs
  2. Resource-rich countries have more advantage like
    OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting
    Countries).
  3. Operations of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) and
    Trans-National Corporations (TNCs) and government or
    non-government organizations.
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81
Q

how to address global inequalities

A
  1. Formation of regional groups (ASEAN, NATO,EU,
    Etc)
  2. Entering into bilateral treaties and pacts (DFA
    between US & Phil)
  3. International treaties and agreements (Climate
    Change, Transnational Crimes, International
    Developments)
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82
Q

The Philippines is a signatory to most of the
treaties and agreements, so any violation of the
provisions - bring case to the

A

International Court of Justice (ICJ)

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83
Q

The incursion of China in our territorial waters is a violation of the

A

United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

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84
Q

The Philippine government filed a case in the ICJ in
— (The Republic of the Philippines v. The people’s
Republic of China)

A

2013

85
Q

when we won the case but China rejected the ruling

A

July 12, 2016

86
Q

If only the government pursued the full implementation

of the ruling, China will be forced to honor the —

A

ICJs decision

87
Q

ever since societies were formed, societies always -

A

change

88
Q

is the alteration in social structure and social behavior over time

A

social change

89
Q

some societies are more — to change than others

A

resistant

90
Q

social change is generally — but varied in time and space

A

universal

91
Q

societies do not change at the same —

A

rate

92
Q

“Not all cultural elements change at the same rate”

A

Theory on Cultural Lag by William Ogburn

93
Q

occurs because of transformation in the physical and cultural environment that warrants new ideas, forms and structures

A

social change

94
Q

refers to changes in cultural patterns of behavior and values

A

cultural change

95
Q

Ex: built heritage house to modern structures, change dietary patterns: homemade Filipino dishes
to pizza and burgers

A

cultural change

96
Q

refers to the political behavior and values of individual as well as political institutions that hold power, authority and control in society

A

political change

97
Q

Ex: Presidential to parliamentary, Movements calling for reforms in government

A

political change

98
Q

sources of change

A

innovation, diffusion, acculturation, assimilation,

99
Q

refers to an independent invention to creatively find

solutions to problems

A

innovation

100
Q

helps improve the lives of people through access to information and ideas

A

innovation

101
Q

helps transform societies through scientific research and technology

A

innovation

102
Q

types of innovation

A

primary and secondary

103
Q

occurs when an individual or a group comes up with a completely new idea, method or device

A

primary innovation

104
Q

occurs when an individual or a group further develops or improves on an already existing ideas, methods or devices

A

secondary innovation

105
Q

5 steps to innovation

A

knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, confirmation

106
Q

an individual first becomes aware of the new innovation but lacks the information and inspiration to utilize or introduce it

A

knowledge

107
Q

the individual’s interest in the innovation spikes and he or she begins to research about it

A

persuasion

108
Q

the individual weighs the positive and negative results of changing to the new idea

A

decision

109
Q

the individual adds innovation into the system

A

implementation

110
Q

he or she also begins to determine the innovation’s usefulness

A

implementation

111
Q

the individual decides to continue with the new innovation

A

confirmation

112
Q

the act of spreading culture, tradition, objects and

ideas to other societies

A

diffusion

113
Q

particular culture can never be isolated from another

culture

A

diffusion

114
Q

it can be shared or adopted by another society

A

diffusion

115
Q

process where some borrowed cultural traits have already undergone trimming and twisting

A

indigenization

116
Q

two types of diffusion

A

direct and indirect

117
Q

occurs through marriage, trade and war

A

direct diffusion

118
Q

occurs when a group comes in contact with another group through a third party

A

indirect diffusion

119
Q

it is a product of a massive cultural change through a show of force of one group to another

A

acculturation

120
Q

extreme forms of acculturation

A

ethnocide and genocide

121
Q

is the deliberate, systematic destruction of the culture of an ethnic group

A

ethnocide

122
Q

the learning of one’s culture alongside another culture

A

genocide

123
Q

Ex. Uyghur (wee.gr) largest ethnic group in the Northwest China who are predominantly Muslim who are allegedly being detained in “re-education camps”, subject to political indoctrination and subjected to forced abortion, compulsory strilization, rape in torture

A

genocide

124
Q

occurs when the minority group losses its distinctive cultural traits and adopts and absorbs those of the dominant culture

A

assimilation

125
Q

generally voluntary

A

assimilation

126
Q

stumbling blocks to assimilation

A
  • cultural dissimilarity (too different in beliefs, customs, etc.)
  • physical differences (skin color, physical traits, etc.)
  • feeling of superiority and inferiority
  • prejudices
  • isolation
127
Q

social, cultural and political change matter to human life, society and progress because they serve as — to the rise and fall of civilization

A

barometers

128
Q

Social, Cultural and Political change are often positively seen as a mark of

A

human progress

129
Q

societal change do not always start and ascend…

A

smoothly and peacefully

130
Q

there are instances that change in the social and political landscape can lead to the — of communities

A

deterioration/destruction

131
Q

combination of statements, ideas or features of a situation that are opposed to one another

A

contradictions

132
Q

state of being stretched tight and pushed to the limit

A

tensions

133
Q

forms of social contradictions and tensions

A 
A. Inter-ethnic conflict
B. Class Struggle
C. Armed Conflict
D. Terrorism
E. Protest
F. Gender Inequality
134
Q

is a category of people who, as a result of their shared cultural heritage, are regarded as socially distinct

A

ethnic group

135
Q

refers to the cultural features of a specific group of people

A

ethnicity

136
Q

ethnic differences are — and not — as opposed to race

A

culturally learned; inherited

137
Q

those groups whose physical appearance or cultural practices are unlike those of the dominant group are called

A

MINORITIES

138
Q

often subject to different forms of unequal treatment by the dominant group

A

minorities

139
Q

tensions and contradictions operates very well in a class system based on economic status

A

class struggle

140
Q

usually centered on the access and control of resources

A

class struggle

141
Q

In industrialized societies, we often have three classes:

A

Upper class: small in number but wealthy
Middle class: Large in number and usually professionals
and white collar workers
Lower class: Largest in number and usually the less
skilled, blue collared workers.

142
Q

frictions among conflicting groups due to failure to resolve differences amicably

A

armed conflict

143
Q

tension escalates that leads to

A

armed conflicts

144
Q

Example: the 40-year conflict in Mindanao

A

armed conflicts

145
Q

Caused by differences in religious and ideological grounds

A

the 40-year conflict in Mindanao

146
Q

Failure of the Philippine government to grant genuine

autonomy to 13 moro ethnic groups living in the area

A

the 40-year conflict in Mindanao

147
Q

basic causes of armed conflicts

A
  1. Religion
  2. Ethnicity
  3. Economic stagnation
  4. Poor government services
  5. Environmental degredation like land disputes, water scarcity, etc
  6. Political, economic and social inequalities
  7. Poverty
  8. High unemployment
  9. Individual incentives
148
Q

It is the use of violence against civilian tarhets for the

purpose of intimidation to achieve political or ideological ends

A

terrorism

149
Q

It is a violent and potent means of pushing social change and gaining worldwide attention

A

terrorism

150
Q

bombings, hijacking, assassinations, kidnappings and video images of public executions

A

terrorism

151
Q

Reasons why people commit acts of terrorism:

A
  1. Religious fanaticism
  2. Oppression especially by the government
  3. Violation of international law like genocide and umlawful
    dispossesion of local inhabitants
  4. Poverty
  5. Hatred towards the global economic hegemony (leadership
    dominance by powerful nations)
  6. Financial gain
  7. Racism
  8. Martyrdom
  9. Narcissism: selfishness, lack of empathy, need for admiration, etc)
  10. Failure of conventional channels of expression and communications
152
Q

the simplest form of expressing disgust, contradictions and tensions through collective manner

A

protest

153
Q

2 vital elements of protest

A

public opinion and propaganda

154
Q

sum of the decision of the members of the public on a particular issue

A

public opinion

155
Q

are information or viewpoints that are presented with the deliberate intention of persuading the audience to adopt a particular opinion or issue

A

propaganda

156
Q

forms of protest

A

written, verbal, and non-verbal

157
Q

is an emotionally aroused crowd intent on violence or

destructive actions

A

mob

158
Q

is a form of collective behavior that occurs when

people are faced with an immediate threat and reacts in a fearful, spontaneous and uncoordinated manner

A

panic

159
Q

is a form of collective behavior involving widespread anxiety, caused by some unfounded belief

A

mass hysteria

160
Q

Role according to gender is dictated by society or culture which can lead to sexual stratification

A

gender inequality

161
Q

Promoters of gender inequality: family, workplace, media, laws and policies, etc.

A

gender inequality

162
Q

this paved the way for moments to fight this type of

inequality like the Women’s Liberation Movement,

A

gender inequality

163
Q

how many sustainable development goals did the un make

A

17

164
Q

name 7/17 sustainable development goals

A 
no poverty
zero hunger
quality education
gender equality
climate action
life on land
life below water
165
Q

blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all

A

sustainable development goals

166
Q

universal call to action to end poverty, environmental degredation, to ensure that global citizens enjoy peace and prosperity today and in the future

A

sustainable development goals

167
Q

a large group of individuals congregating to either effect or prevent social changes

A

social movement

168
Q

express the dissatisfaction of the people in a given society

A

social movement

169
Q

people intend to transform the society by

A

influencing public opinion and government policy-making

170
Q

modern social movements utilize

A

internet and social media

171
Q

social movements began in — in the late — century through —-

A

england; 18th century; john wilked

172
Q

introduced the term social movements in 1848

A

german sociologist, lorenz von stein

173
Q

emerged after world war 2

A

new social movements

174
Q

departed from the traditional social movements which is focused on economic issues

A

new social movements

175
Q

kinds of social movements

A

conservative, reactionary, reform, radical, expressive, escapist, assimilationist, pluralist, alternative, group-focus

176
Q

resist changes in the society like the anti-technology group

A

conservative movements

177
Q

a person opposed to new technology or ways of work

A

luddites

178
Q

defend returning to traditional lifestyles as demonstrated by the Ku Klux Klan

A

reactionary movements

179
Q

support change like the marriage-opposed Free Love Movement that started in the 60s

A

reform movements

180
Q

replace existing social orders with a totally different social or political structure like the American Civil Rights Movement, the Occupy Movement, Black Lives Matter, and the Arab Spring movement

A

radical movements

181
Q

aim to improve their members’ lives, not necessarily imposing their ideas on others like the Hippie Movement

A

expressive movements

182
Q

advocate retreating from the society through isolation like religious cults

A

escapist movements

183
Q

help minority groups become absorbed in the mainstream society, demanding equal treatment

A

assimilationist movements

184
Q

defend respect for diversity like the gay rights movement

A

pluralist movements

185
Q

influence the people to change their lifestyles like the vegans

A

alternative movements

186
Q

concentrate on changing factions, transforming into or joining a political party

A

group-focus movements

187
Q

members of social movements seek adherents to their cause through various means

A

educational persuasion
political persuasion
direct or violent tactics
non-violent tactics

188
Q

through Advertisements, films, speeches, and

posters are utilized to carry out

A

educational persuasion

189
Q

involves financing political candidates’ campaigns,

running for public office, or persuading government officials

A

political persuasion

190
Q

involves social movements taking matters into
their own hands through extreme measures like boycotting a business employing slave workers, demolishing abortion clinics, and liberating animals from experimental laboratories

A

direct or violent tactics

191
Q

involves civil disobedience like Mohandas Gandhi’s

peaceful protest against the British imperialists

A

non-violent tactics

192
Q

expression of public identity

A

citizenship

193
Q

participatory membership in a political community/legal member of a sovereign state

A

citizenship

194
Q

state of being vested the rights, privileges, and duties of a citizen

A

citizenship

195
Q

equality under the law, civic participation in government, power restrictions “to be truly human, one had to be an active citizen” (aristotle)

A

citizenship

196
Q

government policy that gives all citizens equal access to public services, funds and democratic rights and the ability to represent the government

A

inclusive citizenship

197
Q

a form of democracy in which all citizens are involved in policy-making

A

inclusive citizenship

198
Q

a government structured from bottom-up rather than top-down

A

inclusive citizenship

199
Q

active participation in the civic affairs and the social life of their community at a local or national level

A

participatory citizenship

200
Q

it can raise social consciousness, trust, reduce transaction costs and reduce the possibility of intensified tensions and conflicts (this is the importance of what)

A

citizenship

201
Q

values of inclusive citizenship

A

sense of belonging
participation
non-discrimination
agency

202
Q

a way of living that recognizes our world is an increasingly complex web of connections and interdependencies

A

global citizenship

203
Q

one in which our choices and actions may have repercussions for people and communities locally, nationally or internationally

A

global citizenship

204
Q

the umbrella term for social, political, environmental and economic actions of globally minded individuals and communities on a worldwide scale

A

global citizenship

205
Q

someone who identifies with being part of an emerging world community and whose actions contribute to building this community’s values and
practices

A

global citizen

206
Q

understands that everyone is connected through what they consume

A

global citizen

207
Q

signs that you are a global citizen

A
  1. you embrace the responsibilities of global citizenship
  2. you work well with others
  3. you are not afraid to think big
  4. you are not short-sighted
  5. you crave experiences - not possessions
  6. you are naturally empathetic
  7. you always keep an open mind
  8. ignorance isnt bliss
  9. you are not one to follow the crowd
208
Q

values & responsibility of a global community of people sharing the same global identity

A 
● human rights,
● environmental protection,
● religious pluralism,
● gender equity,
● sustainable worldwide economic growth,
● poverty alleviation,
● prevention of conflicts between countries and
people,
● elimination of weapons of mass destruction,
● humanitarian assistance,
● preservation of cultural diversity

UCSP (4 decks)

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