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8 Social Studies > 4th Q, 2 The World in Conflict and the Struggle for Peace > Flashcards

4th Q, 2 The World in Conflict and the Struggle for Peace Flashcards

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1
Q

Triple Entente

A

Great Britain, France, Russia

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2
Q

Triple Alliance

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

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3
Q

Gavrilo Princip

A

Man who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914, leading to the start of WW1

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4
Q

Franco-Prussian War

A

French defeated by Germany

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5
Q

Bosnian Crisis

A

Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia; massive Serbian uproar

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6
Q

Russo-Japanese War

A

Russians lost to the Japanese in humiliating defeat; reason why they joined the war so early

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7
Q

Declaration of War

A

July 28, 1914, declared by Austria Hungary -> Serbia

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8
Q

July 29, 1914

A

Czar Nicholas II mobilized the Russian army in support of Serbia

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9
Q

Schlieffen Plan

A

German plan; 75% of troops were sent to France through Belgium, the other 25% were sent to Russia; Aug 1, 1914

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10
Q

Aug 5, 1914

A

Germany violates Belgium Neutrality; UK declares war on them

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11
Q

Battle of Marne

A

German defeat here ended the Schlieffen Plan. French + British troops resistant to the German army

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12
Q

Trenches

A

Dug-out ditches used as war shelter

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13
Q

Battles that had many casualties, without any positive results

A

Battle of Verdun and Battle of Somme

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14
Q

Battle of Tannenburg and the Battle of Masurian Lakes

A

Russia defeated by Germans in 1914s

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15
Q

1915’s

A

Italy betrayed the Triple Alliance; German-Austrian troops defeated Russian troops

Bulgaria joined Central Powers (Triple Alliance) and attacked Serbia, making them leave the war

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16
Q

August 1914

A

Woodrow Wilson declared US neutrality

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17
Q

May 1915

A

Germans torpedoes RMS Lusitania, with British and American passengers; Germans were told to stop torpedoing near American territory

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18
Q

December 1916

A

Germany did not stop torpedoing near American territory

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19
Q

April 2, 1917

A

Woodrow Wilson asked Congress to declare war against Germany

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20
Q

1917

A

American reinforcements sent to help the Allies

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21
Q

1918

A

Final offensive backed by US

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22
Q

Second Battle of Marne

A

July 1918; Germans defeated by Allies

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23
Q

Sept. 1918

A

Austria-Hungary collapsed; Ottoman Empire (who joined the Triple Alliance) weakened, Bulgaria accepted defeat

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24
Q

Nov 11, 1918

A

Social Democrats made new German gov’t sign armistice agreement; WWI officially ended

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25
Q

Big Four

A

Organized Paris Peace Conf – Lloyd George of Great Britain, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando of Italy, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of USA

26
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

Made Germany pay the war debt; $33 million to Allied Powers; German weapons + artillery + troops were lowered; many German colonies were lost

26
Q

Paris Peace Conference

A

Purpose was to establish terms of peace; only 27 nations took part

27
Q

Fourteen Points

A

proposed by Woodrow Wilson

28
Q

Open Covenants of Peace

A

Nations shouldn’t enter into secret alliances

29
Q

Freedom of Navigation, Fair Trade, and Fair Treatment of Colonial Peoples

A

Colonies’ interests must be equal to that of the ruling gov’t’s

30
Q

Disarmament

A

Weapons should be lowered

31
Q

Right to Self-Determination

A

Right to draw own borders; establish own gov’t’s w/out foreign powers

32
Q

League of Nations

A

Association of nations promoting peace, political interdependence, and territorial integrity

33
Q

Wilhelm II

A

German social democracy; Weimar Republic

34
Q

Austro-Hungary split into which states?

A

Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia

35
Q

Dawes Plan

A

Granted Germany $200 million loan; made American investment more available in Europe

36
Q

Fall of the Ottoman Empire led to what?

A

Creation of Middle Eastern states like Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Iran

37
Q

Pan-Africanism

A

movement for united Africa; Kenya protested -> British, Libya -> Italy

38
Q

Mohandas Gandhi

A

non-cooperation and civil disobedience

39
Q

Sun-Yat Sen

A

Kuomintang Party, leading to establishment of Chinese Republic

40
Q

Great Depression

A

High unemployment, worse inflation, and unfair corporate practices against labor

41
Q

Communism

A

spread under Marxist communism; arose against Western Imperialism

42
Q

Benito Mussolini

A

from Italian Fascist Party; came into power due to economic inequalities and agricultural classes

42
Q

Totalitarianism

A

absolute control over sociopolitical, even cultural aspects of the state

43
Q

Joseph Stalin

A

Imposed 5-Year-Plan, aiming to make Russia an economic powerhouse; private farms eliminated; led to famine + harsh conditions

44
Q

Adolf Hitler

A

Nationalist Socialist Worker’s Party campaigning against communism and democracy; believed that superior nations had the right to expand -> inferior nations

45
Q

Tripartite Act of 1940

A

Alliance formed between Germany, Japan, and Italy (Axis Powers)

46
Q

1936

A

Hitler’s plan for expansion

47
Q

Austria annexed by Germany under Hitler’s what?

A

Anschluss, unionist campaign, on March 13, 1938

48
Q

British PM Neville Chamberlain, French Premier Edouard Daladier, and Mussolini met with Hitler in what conference?

A

Munich conference, to discuss concessions and avoid world war

49
Q

Hitler and Mussolini continued expanding in which nations?

A

Lithuania, Albania, and the rest of Czechoslovakia

50
Q

Hitler declared himself as what?

A

Fuhrer, or Great Leader, on March 15, 1939

51
Q

German used what on Poland?

A

Panzer tanks, Sept. 1, 1939

52
Q

Sept. 3, 1939

A

British + French declared war on Nazi Germany

53
Q

Soviet Union invaded East of Poland based on what pact?

A

Nazi-Soviet Pact

54
Q

French + British surprised when Germany attacked through what country? What did they isolate?

A

Belgium; isolated Expeditionary Force thru Dunkirk

55
Q

June 10, 1940

A

Mussolini’s Pact of Steel; Italy declared war against France and the UK

56
Q

June 22, 1940

A

Philippe Petain asked for armistice agreement due to humiliating loss

57
Q

Battle of Britain

A

Winston Churchill – “never surrender”
Germain AF bombed British bases; London regrouped; British sought American support, and Hitler cancelled the invasion

58
Q

The Holocaust

A

Hitler’s “Final Solution”; he believed that under Aryan rule, Germany would prosper; he committed genocide against the Jewish in concentration camps/death camps, and also killed many homosexuals and communists. Considered one of the worst crimes against humanity

8 Social Studies (6 decks)

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