4th Q, 1 Transformation and Expansion

Question 1

Renaissance

Answer 1

revival of interest in Greco-Roman culture; from French word for “rebirth”

Question 2

Humanism

Answer 2

“Don’t focus on things beyond our wordly understanding! Just focus on yourself”; got into many wars with the Catholic Church + other religions

Question 3

Francesco Petrarch

Answer 3

early development of Renaissance

Question 4

Forgeries

Answer 4

Made people doubt/question the Church

Question 5

Desiderius Erasmus of Holland (Dutch)

Answer 5

Praise of Folly, critizing priests, clergy, etc.

Question 6

Sir Thomas More of England

Answer 6

Utopia

Question 7

Niccolo Machiavelli

Answer 7

“The end justifies the means”; The Prince

Question 8

Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 8

artist, mathematician, engineer, scholar, painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper

Question 9

Michelangelo Buonarroti

Answer 9

St Peter Church; painting of Sistene Chapel

Question 10

Raphael Santi

Answer 10

“youthful master”; Madonna

Question 11

Nicolaus Copernicus

Answer 11

heliocentric theory

Question 12

Galileo Galilei

Answer 12

telescope; “Father of Experimental Physics”

Question 13

Johannes Gutenberg

Answer 13

printing press

Question 14

John Huss

Answer 14

head of University in Prague, in Bohemia; challenged Church authority – the Holy Roman Emperor promised that he would be safe, but he was killed, and a rebellion, the Hussite rebellion, began

Question 15

Martin Luther

Answer 15

taught biblical studies in the University of Wittenburg; believed Christians gained salvation by faith alone, and not good acts; nailed 95-Theses to the Church door

Question 16

Indulgence

Answer 16

sold by clergy to “lessen time in Purgatory”

Question 17

Frederick of Saxony

Answer 17

Martin Luther took refuge with him after the City of Worms, where Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, called Martin Luther to attend

Question 18

Augsburg Confession

Answer 18

signed by the Lutheran princes as a written statement of their beliefs

Question 19

John Calvin

Answer 19

regarded Bible as supreme authority in terms of faith; founder of Calvinism

Question 20

Calvinism

Answer 20

predestination – no matter what you did, it was already decided who would go to hell or Heaven

Question 21

Huguenots

Answer 21

French Calvinists

Question 22

Thomas Cranmer

Answer 22

anulled Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII’s marriage; made Henry and Anne Boleyn’s marriage official; archbishop of Canterbury

Question 23

Catherine of Aragon

Answer 23

called for her nephew, Charles V, for help so that she wouldn’t be divorced by Henry VIII

Question 24

Henry VIII

Answer 24

divorced with Catherine of Aragon and married Anne Boleyn

Question 25

Act of Supremacy

Answer 25

made monarchs the head of the Church of England

Question 26

Council of Trent

Answer 26

Pope as highest Church authority; banned indulgences

Question 27

Inquisition

Answer 27

expanded activities in Catholic countries

Question 27

Index

Answer 27

list of banned books

Question 28

Society of Jesus

Answer 28

founded by Ignatius Loyola; aimed to spread Catholic teachings