4th Lecture

Question 0

Dropout

Answer 0

A) 3-4 out of 10 participants who begin the season dropout before the next season.

• not as good as they wanted to be
• not fun
• want to play something else
• didn’t like the pressure
• bored
• didn’t like the coach
• training was too hard

Question 1

Youth Sport Considerations

Answer 1

A) 30+ million participate
B) Critical periods
C) Qualified leadership
D) Sport psych interventions can be most effective if learned early in their career

Question 2

Implications

Answer 2

A) Winning is not the only thing
B) Many reasons for participation
C) Importance of perceived self-competence

Question 3

Stress and Burnout Effects

Answer 3

A) Critics
-excessive stress
B) Proponents
-teaches kids coping strategies

Question 4

Too Much Stress?

Answer 4

A) Gould et al. (1991)
B) Simon and Martens (1987)
-most athletes do not experience excessive state anxiety
C) Trait anxiety
-Gould (1993) found that at most, the trait anxiety levels of youth athletes is only slightly higher

Question 5

What about those who are stressed out?

Answer 5

A) Situational Sources
-defeat or victory 
-event importance 
-sport type 
B) Other:
-overtraining 
-high expectations 
-win at all cost 
-long practices without variety
-excessive time and travel demands
-perfectionism

Question 6

Practical Implications for Dealing With Children

Answer 6

A) Concrete fun and simple strategies 
B) Vary approaches 
C) Individualize approach 
D) Remain positive
E) Use role models

Question 7

Coaching Behavior

Answer 7

A) Smith, Smoll, and Curtis

• Employed more reinforcement and mistake contingent instruction (self-esteem, motivation, and positive attitudes)
• players liked the coaches and their teammates more
• learning a positive approach to coaching results in lower player dropout rates (5% compared to 26% for untrained coaches)

Question 8

Implications for Practice

Answer 8

• give lots of praise
• catch kids doing things right
• praise sincerely
• realistic expectations
• reward effort
• focus on learning
• modify skills and activities
• modify rules to maximize participation
• reward correct technique
• use the sandwich approach with criticism
• reduce fear of failure
• be enthusiastic