3rd Lecture Flashcards
Definitions
A) Overtraining
-training loads that are too long and intense for individuals to adapt
-results in decreases in performance
-different from periodization
B) Periodization
-high volume/high intensity training loads
-results in enhanced performance
-prescription for each athlete differs
C) Staleness
-a state in which the athlete has difficulty maintaining standard training regimens
-usually cannot obtain previous performance results
-the end result or response to overtraining
D) Burnout
-a psychophysiological response to frequent ineffective efforts to meet excessive training and competition demands.
-usually involves withdrawal from an activity
-involves physical and psychological exhaustion.
Burnout, Staleness, and Overtraining
A) Affects coaches, athletes, and officials.
B) Not synonymous
C) Affecting more and more athletes as the time commitment and intensity of training increases.
Frequency of Overtraining and Burnout
A) 66% of ACC athletes surveyed reported overtraining (Silva, 1990)
B) 60% of females and 64% of males had at least one episode of staleness (Morgan et al., 1987,1988)
C) Those who had experienced staleness during their freshmen year were more likely to experience it again (Raglin and Morgan, 1989).
Cause of Staleness and Burnout (Raglin and Morgan, 1989)
A) Staleness -too much stress -too much training -physical exhaustion -boredom and poor rest B) Burnout -severe training -extreme physical fatigue -lack of recovery time -boredom -emotional and physical exhaustion
Overtraining and Mood States
A) Morgan et al., (1987)
- use of POMS
- mood state disturbances increases as training load increased
- tend to exhibit a “reverse iceberg profile”
- low in vigor, high in tension, depression, anger, fatigue, confusion
Overtraining and Performance
A) Murphy et al., (1990)
- olympic judo players
- higher sport specific training levels led to lower performance in strength and other anaerobic variables
- mood disturbances led to worse disturbances
A Model Burnout
A) Based on the interaction of a variety of factors:
- the situation (demands and resources)
- cognitive appraisal (individual interpretation)
- psychological responses (tension, irritability, fatigue)
- coping and task behaviors (moderation by personality and motivation)
Stages of Burnout
A) Depersonalization B) Decreased feelings of accomplishment C) Isolation D) Emotional physical exhaustion -Degree of burnout can be measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory
Measuring Burnout
A) Maslach Burnout Inventory
-measures perceived frequency and intensity of feelings of burnout
-measures 3 components: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, sense of personal accomplishment
B) Athletic Burnout Questionnaire (Raedeke)
-3 subscales: emotional and physical exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, sport devaluation
Burnout in Sport
A) Athletic trainers -pressures come from a variety of directions -type A's more likely to burnout than type B's -role conflict B) Officials -face great amount of stress with little compensation -also have a lot of role conflict C) Coaches -pressure to win -support interference and indifference -multiple roles -personal involvement and travel commitments -lack of control -gender, age, and coaching style differences D) Athletes -internal and external pressures -time involvement and identity -trying to satisfy everyone -vicious cycle -early age -year round training
Treatment and Prevention
A) Monitor stress, training, and recovery B) Communicate C) Take breaks D) Learn self-regulation skills -set short term goals -stay positive -manage post competitive emotions E) Stay in good physical condition
