4th 20 Flashcards

1
Q

Lithium toxicity early symptom

A

Restlessless

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2
Q

Lithium toxicity symptoms

A
Restlessness
D&V
Agitation
Tremor
Muscle fasciculations
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3
Q

When does lithium toxicity typically occur in patients on treatment?

A

Usually when they are ill or dehydrated

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4
Q

SSRI overdose and serotonin syndrome eye symptom

A

Nystagmus

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5
Q

Which drugs often cause hypokalaemia?

A

Loop diuretics e.g. furosemide

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6
Q

Why do loop diuretics cause hypokalaemia?

A

They block the Na/K/Cl transporter, so K+ can’t be retreived, but keeps more water in the lumen -> urine

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7
Q

ACEi example

A

Remipril

Enalapril

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8
Q

ACEi can cause what change in potassium?

A

Excretion of K+ because inhibiting retention with aldosterone. SO causes hyperkalaemia.

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9
Q

Theophylline is used for what?

A

Bronchodilation in COPD and refractory asthma

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10
Q

When should you check theophylline levels after commencing treatment?

A

5 days

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11
Q

Chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction treatment

A
ACEi
B blocker (unless contraindicated = bradycardia or asthma)

These drugs reduce morbidity and mortality

Can add spironolactone according to guidelines if these dont control it well enough

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12
Q

Clarithromycin (macrolide) and statins interact to cause what?
What may be increased in the bloods?

A

Rhabdomyolysis, creatinine kinase

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13
Q

Treatment of GORD

A

Omeprazole 20mg PO once daily

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14
Q

Verapamil hydrochloride is a …

A

CCB

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15
Q

CCB is used to…

A

Reduce blood pressure

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16
Q

CCB alongside B blocker can cause…

A

Collapse due to cardiac side effects (hypotension and heart block!)
This combination can cause ECG changes

17
Q

Once TSH level is stable on levothyroxine, how often do you need to measure it?

A

Yearly

18
Q

Side effects of quinolones (antibiotic such as ciprofloxacin)

A

Diarrhoea
Constipation
LOADS others
E.g. rendon rupture

19
Q

1mg = how many mcg?

A

1000

20
Q

After starting lithium, when should you monitor lithium levels?

A

12 hours later and then weekly

21
Q

What should be performed before starting lithium?

A

ECG

22
Q

How often should thyroid, calcium and U&Es be checked on lithium?

A

Every 6 months

23
Q

Which test to monitor warfarin use?

A

INR

24
Q

INR target in AF

A

2-3

25
Q

Drug type that can exacerabate Parkinson’s symptoms

A

Dopamine antagonist

26
Q

What type of drug is metoclopramide?

A

Dopamine antagonist

27
Q

What type of drug is clozapine?

A

Dopamine antagonist for refractory schizophrenia

28
Q

Major risk factor of clozapine

A

Agranulocytosis

29
Q

Patient presenting over 24hr after overdose with jaundice, hepatic tenderness and a raised ALT (liver failure) which drug should be administered?

A

Acetylcysteine

30
Q

Herpes in T1 distribution, intensely painful =

A

Shingles

31
Q

Treatment for shingles

A

Aciclovir

32
Q

Management of secondary pneumothorax

A

Chest drain insertion

33
Q

Management of primary pneumothorax <2cm

A

Needle thoracentesis