4th

Question 1

constitutional isomer🌷

Answer 1

same empirical formula
atoms are connected differently

Question 2

configurational isomerism🌷

Answer 2

cis/trans isomerism
not chiral
same empirical
same connectivity
not identical in 3d shape
can be called diastereomers

Question 3

diastereomers

Answer 3

different chemical + physical properties

Question 4

what leads to isomerism

Answer 4

restriction of rotation around the C=C bond

Question 5

cis

Answer 5

same side
bucket looking
U

Question 6

trans

Answer 6

different sides
stretched Z shape

Question 7

E isomer

Answer 7

trans isomer

Question 8

Z

Answer 8

cis isomer

Question 9

priority of group is based on

Answer 9

atomic weight
heavier group gets priority

Question 10

heaviest group on the same side

Answer 10

cis
z

Question 11

heaviest group on opposite sides

Answer 11

trans
E

Question 12

if groups directly bonded to the C are the same

Answer 12

keep moving down until they’re different

see which one has a higher atomic weight

Question 13

double bonds are counted as

Answer 13

2 single bonds

C=O has priority over C-O

Question 14

enantiomers🌷

Answer 14

different molecules as they cannot be overlayed

non superimposable mirror images of eachother

Question 15

when do enantiomers occur most🌷

Answer 15

tetrahedral shape
(sp3 hybridised)
chiral Carbon

Question 16

how to check similar enantiomers molecules are acc different molecules

Answer 16

rotate one around and see if it ‘forms’ the other one

Question 17

chiral centre can also be called a

Answer 17

stereogenic centre

Question 18

rules that help us name enantiomers

Answer 18

cahn ingold prelog rules
CIP

Question 19

cahn inlog prelog rule steps

Answer 19

• assign a priority number 1=heaviest 4=lightest, normally H
• make sure number 4 is facing away from u
• draw an arrow from 1 to 2 to 3 etc
• clockwise = R, anti-clockwise = S

Question 20

what if number 4 isn’t pointing away??

Answer 20

we must rotate the molecule so that 4 is dashed + pointing away from us.

keep the bonds in the same place and just move the atoms around to the next bond until 4 is on the dashed one.

Question 21

if 4 isn’t pointing away or towards u, what do u do

Answer 21

invert the molecule so it’s pointing away

Question 22

trick to save time when 4 is coming towards us

Answer 22

do the opposite answer // inverted answer
R->S
S->R