4Hs Flashcards
What are the 4 Hs
Hypoxia
Hypovolaemia
Hypo/hyperthermia
Hypo/hyperkalemia
Hypoglycaemia
How can we resolve hypoxia ?
Patient to be ventillated with high concentration (100%) oxygen.
Regularly check 02 tank.
Causes of hypovolaemia
Trauma (blood loss)
Sepsis
Dehydration
How to treat hypovolaemia
Trauma - manage and control bleeding (trauma dressing, torniquets) (fluids not indicated). TXA.
For sepsis dehydration or other causes
Give up to 2l fluids
Treating hypoglycaemia
record and measure a BM.
Based on the reading will determine your tretment.
- IM glucagon
- 40% IV glucose
- Oral glucose
in cardiac arrect IV glucose is the option.
Treating hypo/hyperthermia
- Hypothermia
- Do not give drugs if temp is below 30
- if temp above 30-35 you can give the drugs but double the interval you give them.
- remove wet clothes
- Heated blankets and blankets
- move the patient onto the ambulance if this is possible.
Transport to hospital providing pre-alert
HYperthermia
- remove excess clothing to ensure you maintain patient dignity.
- if in a house try and cool the house by opening windows.
- cold items under the arm pits and close to the body core to help the pt cool.
Treating hypo/hyperkalaemia
- diagnosing in prehospital setting is challenging.
- Ask pt medical history
- does the patient have a visible fistula or has the patient had one?
- ask if pt has a history of DKA
hypokalemia
- frail
- individuals with eating disorders (anorexia)
- history of gastric disease
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- time critical transfer to hospital
