4HG Determiners

Question 1

Determiners, Determinantes

Answer 1

Definición:
Los determinantes son palabras que se colocan delante de los sustantivos para aclarar a qué se refiere el sustantivo. Proporcionan contexto y especificidad al sustantivo, indicando cosas como cantidad, posesión, definición o relación. Los determinantes son esenciales para hacer las oraciones claras y precisas.

Question 2

Tipos de Determinantes

* Artículos:
1. Artículo Definido: “el, la, los, las”
Uso: Se refiere a un elemento específico conocido por el oyente.
Ejemplo: “El libro en la mesa es mío.”
2. Artículos Indefinidos: “un, una, unos, unas”
Uso: Se refiere a cualquier elemento de un grupo.
Ejemplo: “Vi un gato.” / “Ella comió una manzana.”

* Demostrativos:
1. Este, Ese, Aquel, Estos, Esos, Aquellos
Uso: Indican elementos específicos y su proximidad.
Ejemplos: “Este libro es interesante.” / “Esas manzanas están maduras.”

* Posesivos:
1. Mi, Tu, Su, Nuestro, Vuestro, Sus
Uso: Indican propiedad o posesión.
Ejemplos: “Mi coche es nuevo.” / “Su casa es grande.”

* Cuantificadores:
1. Algún, Ningún, Mucho, Poco, Varios, Todo, Ambos, Cada, Cada uno, Bastante, etc.
Uso: Indican cantidad o número.
Ejemplos: “Ella tiene algunos amigos.” / “¿Tienes alguna pregunta?” / “Poca gente asistió.”

* Números:
1. Números Cardinales: Uno, Dos, Tres, etc.
Ejemplo: “Ella tiene tres perros.”
2. Números Ordinales: Primero, Segundo, Tercero, etc.
Ejemplo: “Él ganó el primer premio.”

* Distributivos:
1. Cada, Ambos, Ninguno
Uso: Indican miembros individuales de un grupo.
Ejemplos: “Cada estudiante debe entregar su trabajo.” / “Ninguna opción es buena.”

Answer 2

Types of Determiners

* Articles:
1. Definite Article: “the”
Usage: Refers to a specific item or items known to the listener.
Example: “The book on the table is mine.”
2. Indefinite Articles: “a” and “an”
Usage: Refers to any one item of a group.
Example: “I saw a cat.” / “She ate an apple.”

* Demonstratives:
1. This, That, These, Those
Usage: Indicate specific items and their proximity.
Examples: “This book is interesting.” / “Those apples are ripe.”

* Possessives:
1. My, Your, His, Her, Its, Our, Their
Usage: Indicate ownership or possession.
Examples: “My car is new.” / “Their house is large.”

* Quantifiers:
1. Some, Any, No, Many, Few, Several, All, Both, Each, Every, Enough, etc.
Usage: Indicate quantity or amount.
Examples: “She has some friends.” / “Do you have any questions?” / “Few people attended.”

* Numbers:
1. Cardinal Numbers: One, Two, Three, etc.
Example: “She has three dogs.”
2. Ordinal Numbers: First, Second, Third, etc.
Example: “He won the first prize.”

* Distributives:
1. Each, Every, Either, Neither
Usage: Indicate individual members of a group.
Examples: “Each student must submit their work.” / “Neither option is good.”

Question 3

Determiners

Plural Noun

Answer 3

• All
  1.Usage: Refers to the total number of people or things.
  2. Examples:
  All the students passed the exam.
  She invited all her friends.
• Both
  1. Usage: Refers to two people or things considered together.
  2. Examples:
  Both options are good.
  They both enjoyed the concert.
• Most
  1. Usage: Refers to nearly all of a group.
  2. Examples:
  Most people agree with the decision.
  She spent most of her time studying.

Question 4

Determiners

Singular, Plural Noun or Uncountable Noun

Answer 4

• Any
  1. Usage: Refers to one, some, or all without limitation.
  2. Examples:
  Do you have any questions? (plural)
  Is there any milk left? (uncountable)
  Any student can apply for the scholarship. (singular)
• No
  1. Usage: Refers to the absence of something.
  2. Examples:
  There are no cookies left. (plural)
  There is no water in the bottle. (uncountable)
  No student failed the exam. (singular)

Question 5

Expressions of Quantity

Plural Countable Noun

Answer 5

1. (Not) Many
- Usage: Refers to a small or large number of items.
- Examples:
There are not many apples left.
Many people attended the meeting.

2. (A) Few
- Usage: Refers to a small number of items.
- Examples:
She has a few friends in the city.
Few students understood the lesson.

3. A (Small / Large) Number of
- Usage: Refers to a small or large quantity of items.
- Examples:
A large number of people were present.
A small number of tickets are still available.

4. Several
- Usage: Refers to more than two but not many items.
- Examples:
Several cars were parked outside.
She made several attempts to call him.

Question 6

Expressions of Quantity

Uncountable Nouns

Answer 6

1. (Not) Much
- Usage: Refers to a small or large amount of an uncountable item.
- Examples:
There isn’t much water left.
How much sugar do you need?

2. (A) Little
- Usage: Refers to a small amount of an uncountable item.
- Examples:
I have a little time to spare.
There’s little hope left.

3. A Bit Of
- Usage: Refers to a small amount of an uncountable item.
- Examples:
Can you give me a bit of advice?
She added a bit of salt to the soup.

4. A Large / Huge / Small Amount Of
- Usage: Refers to a significant or minimal amount of an uncountable item.
- Examples:
We need a large amount of money.
There is a huge amount of information available.
She only put a small amount of effort into the project.

Question 7

Expressions of Quantity

Plural Countable or Uncountable Nouns

Answer 7

1. A Lot Of / Lots Of
- Usage: Refers to a large quantity of items, either countable or uncountable.
- Examples:
She has a lot of friends. (plural countable)
We have lots of time. (uncountable)

2. Plenty Of
- Usage: Refers to more than enough of something, either countable or uncountable.
- Examples:
There are plenty of apples. (plural countable)
We have plenty of milk. (uncountable)

3. Loads Of
- Usage: Informal term referring to a large quantity of items, either countable or uncountable.
- Examples:
She has loads of books. (plural countable)
They have loads of experience. (uncountable)

4. A Lack Of
- Usage: Refers to the absence or insufficiency of something, either countable or uncountable.
- Examples:
There is a lack of volunteers. (plural countable)
There is a lack of information. (uncountable)

5. (Almost) No
- Usage: Refers to a very small quantity of something, either countable or uncountable.
- Examples:
There are almost no tickets left. (plural countable)
There is no sugar in the cupboard. (uncountable)

6. (Not / Hardly) Any
- Usage: Refers to a very small quantity of something, either countable or uncountable.
- Examples:
There aren’t any cookies left. (plural countable)
There isn’t any milk left. (uncountable)
There is hardly any difference. (uncountable)

7. Some
- Usage: Refers to an unspecified amount of something, either countable or uncountable.
- Examples:
Some students didn’t finish the test. (plural countable)
There is some water in the bottle. (uncountable)

8. Enough
- Usage: Refers to a sufficient quantity of something, either countable or uncountable.
- Examples:
There are enough chairs for everyone. (plural countable)
Do you have enough information? (uncountable)

9. The Majority Of
- Usage: Refers to more than half of something, either countable or uncountable.
- Examples:
The majority of students passed the exam. (plural countable)
The majority of the work is done. (uncountable)