4ds

Question 1

what is distress

Answer 1

when symptoms cause emotional pain or anxiety. could be psychical symptoms.

Question 2

what is danger

Answer 2

careless, hostile or hazardous behaviour that could jeopardise the safety of individuals or others.

Question 3

what is deviance

Answer 3

undesirable, unusual or bizarre behaviour.

Question 4

what is dysfunction

Answer 4

distract, confuse or interfere with a persons ability to carry out roles and responsibilities.

Question 5

evidence for 4ds

Answer 5

having a mood disorder such as bipolar increase suicide risk up to 20 times.

some disorders have clear evidence of danger in them.

Question 6

application

Answer 6

useful for a practical initial diagnosis and can then be applied to diagnostic manuals.

can be used as a guide for non professionals such as teachers for referral mh professionals.

Question 7

strengths

Answer 7

using 4ds all together might help avoid errors in diagnosis.
if deviance from social norms were the only consideration, those who are eccentric may be seen as abnormal.

Question 8

weakness

Answer 8

causes subjectivity to occur as clinicians are interpreting what patients say during the clinical interview. this raises issues of the reliability of the diagnosis because two different clinicians may reach different conclusions.

difficult to assess distress: you may not experience it or show it but still be mentally ill.

Question 9

alternative

Answer 9

davies later added a fifth dimension: duration. some symptoms need to last for months( transient)